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This article explains how and why moisture migration takes place and discusses to what extent surface ventilation can reduce or eliminate the damage to which moisture migration gives rise. The answer depends on the commodity; with grain in bulk, surface ventilation can do little or nothing; with rice or cocoa in bags, surface ventilation can…
Over the years, a considerable trade has developed in the bulk carriage of relatively small quantities of cereals, oil seeds and their derivatives. Frequently a number of such products may be shipped simultaneously onboard bulk carriers. It is not uncommon for three or more consignments to be stowed in the same hold using separation material…
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It is widely accepted that during the transportation of bulk cargo, some loss will unavoidably occur but when the shortage exceeds a percentage regarded as customary in that trade the carrier is often held responsible. One of the causes of shortage claims is that it is virtually impossible to precisely determine the weight of large…
Project Cargo is a term used to broadly describe the national or international transportation of large, heavy, high value or critical (to the project they are intended for) pieces of equipment. Also commonly referred to as Heavy lift, this includes shipments made of various components which require disassembly for shipment and reassembly after delivery. CONTRACTUAL…
Question 1. What is the length of a shackle of anchor cable? Answer: A shackle length is 15 fathoms, or 27.5 m (90 ft). Question 2. How would you break a Kenter, Lugless joining shackle? Answer: To break a Kenter joining shackle, ‘punch and drift’ the ‘spile pin’. Movement of the spile pin will push…
NEED FOR ASSISTANCE When a ship suffers a casualty, or is otherwise in a position of peril, the master must decide as a matter of urgency whether assistance, including salvage assistance, is needed or if the situation can be handled using the ship’s own resources. MASTER’S RESPONSIBILITY The master should be authorised to take whatever…
1. Heat is a form of energy and is measured in JOULES(j) N= Kg.m N = Unit for force(Newton) S²Kg=Unit for mass(Kilograms)J=N.m m = Unit for length(metres)J= Kg.m .m s =Unit for time(seconds)S²j = Unit for heat (joules) work and energy1 Joules = 0.239 calories. The quantity heat capacity ( C ) tells us how…
Question :- ESD procedure in LNG? Answer: ESD will be initiated by one of the following:– Manual activation by personnel using the ESD pushbuttons– Blackout of the ship– Shore activation of their ESD system– Fusible links around each tank domes, manifold and compressor house in case of fire– Cargo tank Very High level alarm– Low…
SAFETY OFFICER The employer or the company appoints the safety officer on board every ship. The person chosen should be interested in occupational safety and in undertaking the appointment. He should have the suitable training and the knowledge. He should be an adviser on board ship and an assistant to management. He should be able…
Question 1. After completing the 8–12 night watch at sea and handing over to the 2nd Officer, what would be your actions? Answer: Having handed over the watch, I would complete writing up the Deck Log Book, and sign the book as a true record of events. I would proceed below decks and carry out…