Ice is found at high latitudes in both hemispheres i.e. Northern Hemisphere (Artic) and Southern Hemisphere (Antarctic) regions. They differ greatly because of their physical dissimilarities. The Artic Basin is an area of ocean, which is covered up a thin shell of ice about 3.5
Efficient weather service to shipping depends on the timely location and accurate tracking of weather systems over the open sea, which covers three-quarters of the surface of the earth. Weather is a very important factor in determination of the passage and safe completion. Need for
Modern ships today are equipped with fresh water generators. They enable an unlimited supply of fresh water to be produced. With modern efficient fresh water generators, ships normally take a minimum amount of fresh water and produce the rest on board. Every crew uses about
Monitoring the drag with swing circle A ship at anchor will swing around the anchored position in the wind. A ship at anchor will swing around the anchored position in the wind. It is also recommended to draw a small circle on the chart around
Annex II Regulations for the control of pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Details the discharge criteria and measures for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in bulk The discharge of their residues is allowed only to reception facilities until certain
The ships main gyro compass gives the heading of the vessel with respect to true north. A Gyro compass is a form of gyroscope, used widely on ships employing an electrically powered, fast spinning gyroscope wheel and frictional forces among other factors utilizing the basic
Occasionally the power of the windlass may be insufficient to recover the anchor, even in moderate weather. This can be due to mechanical inefficiency in the windlass due to excessive friction in gears for example, or to a reduction in power of the windlass motors,
Traffic Separation Schemes ; Avoidance of Collisions Relatively few collisions occur in the open sea. The majority occur in coastal waters, in the approaches to ports, and within ports themselves. This is to be expected given that the risk of collision increases in relation to
As per Chapter V of SOLAS 74, as amended, a magnetic compass is a compulsory part of ship borne navigational equipment. This is in addition to the gyro compass & suitably placed repeaters on the ship. This is so primary because of the reliable dependence
Safe Practices: The Aim of this section is to ensure that the seafarer does not, at anytime, jeopardize the safety of his shipmates or himself when working in hazardous areas. a) Safe practices for working over side and aloft.b) Safe practices when entering into enclosed