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This article explains how and why moisture migration takes place and discusses to what extent surface ventilation can reduce or eliminate the damage to which moisture migration gives rise. The answer depends on the commodity; with grain in bulk, surface ventilation can do little or nothing; with rice or cocoa in bags, surface ventilation can…
Over the years, a considerable trade has developed in the bulk carriage of relatively small quantities of cereals, oil seeds and their derivatives. Frequently a number of such products may be shipped simultaneously onboard bulk carriers. It is not uncommon for three or more consignments to be stowed in the same hold using separation material…
Read More “The separation of products in the holds of bulk carriers
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It is widely accepted that during the transportation of bulk cargo, some loss will unavoidably occur but when the shortage exceeds a percentage regarded as customary in that trade the carrier is often held responsible. One of the causes of shortage claims is that it is virtually impossible to precisely determine the weight of large…
Project Cargo is a term used to broadly describe the national or international transportation of large, heavy, high value or critical (to the project they are intended for) pieces of equipment. Also commonly referred to as Heavy lift, this includes shipments made of various components which require disassembly for shipment and reassembly after delivery. CONTRACTUAL…
1. Heat is a form of energy and is measured in JOULES(j) N= Kg.m N = Unit for force(Newton) S²Kg=Unit for mass(Kilograms)J=N.m m = Unit for length(metres)J= Kg.m .m s =Unit for time(seconds)S²j = Unit for heat (joules) work and energy1 Joules = 0.239 calories. The quantity heat capacity ( C ) tells us how…
Question :- ESD procedure in LNG? Answer: ESD will be initiated by one of the following:– Manual activation by personnel using the ESD pushbuttons– Blackout of the ship– Shore activation of their ESD system– Fusible links around each tank domes, manifold and compressor house in case of fire– Cargo tank Very High level alarm– Low…
Vapour produced above the surface of a boiling cargo due to evaporation is called Boil off and is caused by heat ingress or a drop in pressure. Heat is transferred to the cargo through the insulation. Cargo moving or sloshing in the tank. Vapour extracted from a tank reduces pressure Reduced vapour pressure encourages more…
Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) often concentrate on the precautions that shipowners should take when carrying this potentially hazardous cargo. Less attention on this issue is paid to charterers and the impression may be that this is a matter for shipowners and not a concern for charterers. This is definitely not the case. Claims can and…
“The carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry,keep, care for and discharge the goods carried.” Hague Rules, Articles iii, Rule 2 Strength of tank tops, tween decks, hatchcovers and weather-decks When preparing cargo loading plans, it is important that the ship should be loaded as close as possible to its maximum deadweight or…
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For the purpose of stowage of dangerous goods IMDG Code divides the ships into two groups 1. cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number;2. other passenger ships in which the limiting…