SUPERVISION AND CONTROL Within the tanker trade, the ship/shore interface plays a vital part in operations. It is an area where differing standards and safety cultures may coexist. There is no major difference between the general operation of a tanker and the operation of any
a) Petroleum is highly flammable (fuel) b) Sources of ignition may be present at various locations. (Ignition) c) Oxygen provides the medium necessary to sustain any fire The foregoing three form the essential sides of the fire triangle. When the three sides of a
Small spills can occur during routine transfer operations on the ship, i.e. during loading, discharging, ballasting, bunkering etc. If an oil spill occurs at any time, the Ship’s Oil Spill Emergency Plan (SOPEP) must immediately be put into operation. Responsibilities The responsibilities of shipboard officers
These are oil tankers specially meant for storage of oil offshore. Hence, they are converted sailing oil tankers. Conversions are customized to meet the requirements of the location where the FSO needs to be placed. Thus each FSO has certain unique features, which may not
Chemical tankers are among the most complex ships ever constructed. The cargoes they carry often, present tremendous challenges and difficulties from a safety point of view and many chemicals are also a far greater pollution threat than crude oils. Hazard evaluation of chemicals is in
Many of the changes in everyday life that have taken place during the last fifty years have resulted from developments in the chemical industry. A wide range of ordinary items are in fact derived from complex chemical processes, and are often derived from the by-products
Cargo oil tanks must be water washed, purged and gas freed prior to inspection. Cargo oil tanks must NEVER be entered when inerted. Prior to gas freeing any COT or gaseous space, the hydrocarbon content must be below 2% Hc, thus ensuring that the space
Combined pressure/vacuum valves are fitted to each cargo tank. These valves are designed to relieve positive or negative pressure in the tanks. Combined PV valves are fitted to each cargo oil and slop tank based on the vapor emission control system in accordance with USCG
The main cargo pump system consists of three vertical centrifugal single stage double suction type cargo pumps. They are situated at the bottom of the pump room and are driven by a single stage Curtis steam turbine and intermediate shaft passing into the pump room
The Gauging system Most of the terminals these days demand that a closed gauging / sampling system be followed on all tankers at their terminals. This means that the tanker must be able to gauge or sample the cargo in her tanks manually or automatically