CHIEF MATES NOTES
At all times muster crew and take a head count.
Fire in port (cargo operations or bunker operations):
- Raise the alarm.
- Inform port authorities.
- Inform the Master.
- Cease cargo or bunker operations. Caste off bunker barge that is alongside.
- Non essential persons to be sent ashore.
- One man standby at the gangway with cargo plan, fire wallet, international shore connection to act as a guide for shore fire party.
- Muster all crew- head count. Fire party briefed.
- Proceed to scene off fire and investigate.
- Shut down all ventilation.
- Start emergency fire p/p. Try to fight the fire by conventional means.
- Maintain boundary cooling at all times.
- After fire brigade comes-
- Hand over fire wallet.
- Co-ordinate closely and assist as required.
- Constant check on stability at all times.
If cargo space fire- close and batten down hatches.
If accommodation fire then isolate all electrical circuits.
- Raise alarm.
- Inform master.
- Reduce speed.
- If fire is forward then bring wind to the quarter and if fire is aft then bring wind to aft.
- Muster all crew- head count. Fire party briefed.
- Proceed to scene off fire and investigate.
- Shut down all ventilation.
- Start emergency fire p/p. Try to fight the fire by conventional means.
- Maintain boundary cooling at all times.
- Refer to the cargo plan with regard to the type of cargo on fire and if any dangers associated with it.
- Commence boundary cooling and check adjacent compartment for additional fire risk.
- Consider ballasting the adjacent tanks after calculation of GM of the vessel.
- Inject fixed CO2.
- Investigate port of refuge facility and inform port authorities.
Accommodation fire at sea:
- Raise alarm. Inform master.
- Muster all crew- head count. Fire party briefed.
- Proceed to scene off fire and investigate.
- Shut down all ventilation.
- Start emergency fire p/p. Try to fight the fire by conventional means.
- Maintain boundary cooling at all times.
- Close all watertight and fire doors.
- Isolate electrical circuits.
- Boundary cooling.
- Fire fighters to work in pairs properly equipped- investigate and tackle the fire by conventional means.
Galley fire at sea:
- First six points as above.
- Due regards to be given to the type of extinguishing agent being used-
- Foam- oil stoves.
- DCP- electrical fires.
- CO2 can be used as smothering agent.
- Raise the alarm.
- Inform the master
- Reduce the vessels speed. Engage manual steering. Display n.u.c. lights. Weather reports, open communication with other vessels in the vicinity and send urgency signal.
- Close all ventilation, fire and watertight doors.
- Muster all crew- take a head count. Emergency fire p/p running.
- Isolate all electrical units. Commence boundary cooling.
- Fight fire by conventional means.
- Main fire party to be properly equipped. Back up party ready at all times.
- C/O not to enter as he monitors progress and communication with the bridge. Proper communication between bridge and engine room. Keep bridge informed accordingly of sequence of events.
At all times fire fighters to be well equipped with breathing apparatus and fireman suit. Checks on apparatus must be carried out prior to entering space.
CO2 is only released when fire is out of control.
Before releasing:
- Seal engine room.
- All ventilation to be closed.
- Fuels and boiler within engine room to be shut down.
- Evacuate and seal the engine room. Head count.
- Check out the amount of CO2 required to be injected as per the planned injection information (found in CO2 room and remote station).
- Open fire cabinet door causing alarm to activate.
- Operate fire handle mechanism to fire the pilot bottles, which fires the bank of bottles in the engine room. Ensure hold valves are closed.
Planned injection information:
- CO2 arrangement plan.
- Procedure of firing.
- Number of bottles designated for each place protected.
- Number of non return valves.
After releasing:
- Always advisable to wait before carrying out an investigation.
- Maintain boundary cooling and observe temperature at various levels.
- Once a distinct fall in temperature has been observed an internal inspection and assessment may be carried out.
- Breathing apparatus to be donned when entering the space. Checks on breathing apparatus. 2/e and oiler to enter.
- Inspection to be carried out with spray fire fighting equipment, safety line and communication checked prior to entry.
- Once it has been confirmed that fire has been brought under control an additional assessment by chief engineer.
- When both opinions agreed upon damage control party to be sent in for cooling down work.
Learn CO2 arrangement system diagram, has been asked before.
Precautions when using a CO2 extinguisher:
- Always read instructions before firing.
- Remove safety pin.
- Do not touch any metal part of the extinguisher.
- Direct nozzle away and fire.
Contents of a fire wallet:
- General arrangement plan.
- Shell expansion plan.
- Ventilation plan.
- Fire fighting equipment plan.
- Position of all watertight doors.
- Stability information, cargo plan cargo manifest- if dangerous goods carried.
- Crews list.
- Electric data.
Operation of emergency fire pump:
- Check lubrication.
- Check salt water cooling.
- Turn on fuel.
- Decompress the cylinders.
- Crank the fly wheel.
- When fly wheel is freely rotating compress the cylinders.
- Once engine starts firing adjust the throttle.
CO2 Three way valve:
- Samples of smoke pass through a three way valve to the smoke detector system.
- This valve is shut but sample passes into the smoke detector.
- Once it is confirmed that there is fire open the valve.
- Smothering gas or CO2 can be injected into the hold via the valve.
Pre operational checks of breathing apparatus:
- Ensure bypass v/v is fully closed.
- Open cylinder valve to check if cylinders are fully charged, whistle will be heard as the pressure rises.
- Close cylinder valve. Provided it does not fall to zero in less than 30 sec then the set is leak tight.
- Demist mask visor with anti dim solution.
- Don apparatus put on mask and open cylinder valves.
- Inhale deeply twice or thrice to ensure that air is flowing freely from the demand v/v and the exhalation valve is functioning correctly.
- Close cylinder v/v and inhale until air in the mask is exhausted. Now inhale deeply, the mask must collapse on the face indicating an airtight fitness of both mask exhalation v/v.
- Reopen cylinder v/v.
Classes of Fires
Class A: dry fires (wood, paper, textiles)~ water, dry powder.
Class B: combustible liquids (kerosene, petrol etc.)~ foam, dry powder.
Class C: electrical fires~ CO2, halon.
Class D: fire in light metals.
Class E: petroleum gases.
Class F: spontaneously combustible materials~ water, foam and dry powder.
Emergency stop valve:
- This is usually of quick closing type. It fitted between the settling tank and the cold filters.
- This valve has an extended spindle or of remote control type to the deck to enable the oil to be shut off in the case of a fire out break.
- Gangway not to be at an inclination of more than 30 o to the horizontal.
- Accommodation ladder not to be at an angle of inclination of more than 55 o to the horizontal.
- Staunchions, rails, intermediate guides, lifelines to be properly rigged and free of damage.
- Safety net free of damage and properly rigged.
- Bottom platform horizontal to jetty.
- Gangway area properly illuminated.
- Lifebuoy with s.i. light and line, heaving line with rescue quoit available at access area.
- Gangway free of any obstruction or slippery substance.
- Gangway wires (free of damage) and all rollers moving freely.
- “No Smoking“ and “No Unauthorised Persons“ signs displayed.
- Fire wallet available at gangway.
- Gangway not to be unattended at any times.
What are you looking for at the top of the gangway in port?
- Fire wallet and international shore connection.
Pilot ladder:
- A single length of ladder should be used.
- Whenever the distance to the waterline exceeds 9m then a combination ladder to be used in conjunction with a pilot ladder.
- Treads of the ladder must be made of hard wood (ash, oak, elm, or teak).
- Steps (must remain horizontal at all times)-
- Dimensions- not less than 48Omm x 115mm x 25mm.
- Spacing- not less than 300mm and nor more than 380mm apart.
- Four lower steps to be constructed of rubber.
- Side ropes consist of manila rope 18mm in diameter.
- Manropes of diameter not less than 20mm in diameter.
- Spreaders-
- Dimensions- 1800mm – 2000mm in length.
- They must be so fixed so that the lowest spreader comes no lower than the 5th step from the bottom.
- Intervals between spreaders not to exceed 9 steps.
- The bulwark ladder must be well secured to the bulwark.
- Stanchion spacing- 700 – 800mm.
- Stanchion- not to extend more than 1200mm above bulwark.
Man entry into enclosed spaces
Any sort of entry into enclosed space should only be carried out when permission has been obtained by master or chief officer and persons entering are experienced.
- Adequate ventilation and illumination.
- Atmosphere tested and found safe.
- Space secured for entry.
- S.C.A.B.A. sets available at entry (apparatus tested).
- Responsible person available at all times at entry point.
- Communication –person entering, tanktop, bridge.
- Personnel protective equipment to be used.
- Where required breathing apparatus to be used.
- Testing equipment available for regular checks:
- O2 analyser- oxygen deficiency
- Explosimeter- Hc vapour and explosive limit
- Tankscope- measures oxygen in inert atmosphere
- Dragger tubes- measures oxygen if correct tube fitted.
Pumproom entry:
- Ventilation should be provided atleast 15‘ before entering and to be continuously running.
- A permanently rigged rescue harness and line should be at the top at all times.
- O2 content 21%.
- Gas generation in oily bilges should be reduced by spreading a foam layer over the oil.
- Means of communication established.
- Competent man standby on the top.
- Advice the officer on entry and exit.
- Explosimeter readings at various levels.
- Adequate illumination.
- One scaba standby on top.
- Elsa at bottom platform.
Tank entry:
- Permission from chief officer.
- Tank clean.
- Tank not pressurised.
- Tank inerted and gas freed.
- Tank containing 21% oxygen.
- Cargo system shut down.
- Tank isolated from I.G.
- Notices placed at tank ig isolating valves, cargo tank, cargo control room.
- Fresh air being supplied to the tank.
- Breathing apparatus and lifeline available.
Tank ventilation:
- Forced ventilation: use of canvas to direct air in through one manhole and then out through another manhole in the same tank.
- Mechanical ventilation: use of small portable blowers connected to canvas or plastic shoots and the free and at the bottom of the tank. If blower not available then the use of deck compressed air.
Why should there be 21% O2 in the tank prior entry or hot work?
Air that contains 21% oxygen will not support human life.
Bunkering procedures:
- Conduct a safety meeting with master and c/e. discuss the bunker plan and which tank the bunkers is being taken in.
- Accordingly calculate the stability of the vessel. Keep a check on the stability of the vessel and all stages of bunkering taking into account the free surface effect at various stages.
- Emergency shut down procedure agreed.
- “B“ flag or red bunker light on.
- Seal the deck.
- Drip trays plugged.
- 3 way communication- bunker station, manifold and tank.
- Bonding wire and fire wire rigged.
- Fire fighting equipment ready- fire extinguisher and fire hose pressurised with emergency fire pump.
- Oil spill gear at manifold.
- Display “No Smoking“ signs and “No unauthorised persons on board“.
- Display emergency telephone numbers.
- Two means of access- forward part of vessel and access from ship to bunker station.
- Accommodation doors shut.
- Air-condition on internal circulation.
- Overboard to be checked regularly for any spillage.
- Contingency plan for fire or oil spillage.
- Entries in oil record book.
- Tank vents open.
- Flame arresters on vents.
Taking over as chief officer:
- Check certificates and validity.
- Register of ship lifting appliances and gear.
- Ships plan.
- Garbage record book.
- Oil record book.
- LSA/FFA maintenance record book.
- Planned maintenance scheme checks.
- General condition of ship and defects list.
- Possession of all important keys.
- Condition of stores inventories and requisition.
- Overtime sheets.
- Navigational equipment.
- Deck log book.
- Ongoing or future surveys.
- Cargo aspect:
- Records of all past loading and discharges.
- Ship stability booklet, cargo plan, cargo manifest, ship stability booklet,
- Present situation regarding cargo and stowage.
- Expected time of completion and departure.
- Any draft restrictions in port of departure or arrival.
- Reserves on board- oil, ballast, fresh water, cargo etc.
- Loadicator- general operation, test condition, take custody of instruction manual and back up floppy.
Class 1 : explosives
Class 2 : gases compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure.
Class 3 : inflammable liquids.
Class 4.1 : inflammable solids.
Class 4.2 : inflammablesolids or substances liable to spontaneous combustion.
Class 4.3 : inflammable solids or substances which when in contact with water emit flammable gases.
Class 5.1 : oxidising substances.
Class 5.2 : organic peroxides.
Class 6.1 : poisonous toxic substances.
Class 6.2 : infectious substances.
Class 7 : radio active substances.
Class 8 : corrosives.
Class 9 : miscellaneous dangerous cargo which presto a danger not covered by other classes.
the following requirements shall be complied with-
- The package must be clearly marked with the correct technical names of goods and an indication must be given with the hazards that could arise during the transportation of the goods.
- Markings must comply with IMDG.
- The outer material of the package will survive 3 months immersion and the marking must be durable.
- If the outer material does not survive 3 months then the inner receptacle which will survive 3 months must be durably marked.
- If the goods are carried in a container then the unit must have distinctive labels on the external.
Packing:
- Shall be in good condition.
- Of such a character that an interior surface with which the contents may come in contact is not dangerously affected by the substance being conveyed and capable of withstanding the ordinary risk of carriage at sea.
- Where absorbent or cushioning is being used-
- Capable of minimising the danger to which the liquid may give rise.
- Prevent movement and ensures that the receptacle remains surrounded.
- Absorb liquid in the event of breakage.
- Receptacles shall have an ullage at the filling temperature sufficient to allow for the highest temperature during the voyage.
- Cylinders or receptacles under pressure shall have been adequately constructed, tested and correctly filled.
- Empty receptacles shall be considered as dangerous and be treated as dangerous cargo unless they have been cleaned and dried.
Stowage:
- Dangerous cargo should be stowed safely appropriately according to the nature of the cargo. Incompatible goods to be separated from one another.
- Explosives to be stored in magazines and to be kept securely closed at sea. They should be kept far away from electricals.
- Goods which give dangerous vapours should be stowed in well-ventilated places.
- Ships carrying inflammable liquids and gases special precautions should be taken against fire and explosion.
- Substances liable to spontaneous heating should not be carried unless adequate precautions have been taken.
Cargo work
Precautions when going alongside to load a tanker:
- Stability aspect-
- Details of cargo.
- Disposition of cargo.
- GM, stresses, drafts.
- Ballasting of tanks- FSE.
- Bunker distribution.
- Draft restrictions or special requirements in next port.
- Ships main transmitting aerials off.
- Electric cables or portable equipment disconnected.
- Switch of radars when vessel comes alongside- 10cm radar could induce electrical potential into into nearby conductors at berth.
- Proper lighting at berth.
- Are sea and overboard discharge v/v sealed and closed.
- Deck sealed.
- All accommodation external doors, port holes etc to be closed.
- Air-condition on re-circulation.
- Start pump room ventilation atleast 15‘ before arrival. Blowers to be on continuously.
- Ship shore bonding.
- Proper means of access available between ship and shore.
- Compliance of terminal safety and pollution regulations.
- Placards-
- No unauthorised personnel.
- No smoking signs.
- No naked lights.
- Emergency escape routes clearly shown.
- Moorings- ship personnel are responsible and a continuos check is to be kept.
- Emergency towing wire forward and aft.
- Fire-fighting equipment-
- Fire hoses connected to ships fire main one forward and one aft of the manifold and pressurised.
- Ensure that ship and shore international shore connection available for use at all times.
- Emergency fire pump standby at all times and ready for immediate use.
- In cold weather the freezing of water should be avoided by bleeding of water over-side or by crack opening the drain valve.
- Terminal fire fighting equipment ready at all times.
- Foam monitors directed towards the manifold.
- Portable fire extinguishers preferably of DCP.
- Oil spill equipment available as per SOPEP manual.
- Proper communication available-
- Between shore tanks, manifold and CCR.
- Emergency contact numbers available.
- V/l at all times ready to move under power.
- Documentation-
- Ships particulars.
- Bill of lading.
- Statement of facts.
- Empty tank certificates.
- Draft and trim.
- Maximum draft and trim expected.
- Quantity of cargo to be loaded or discharged.
- Nature of cargo (if discharging).
- Distribution of cargo on board (if discharging).
- If vessel has i.g. system and slop tank disposal system. Confirmation on the fact that the vessel if fully inerted. Any dirty ballast in slops.
- O2 content of tanks.
- Defects in hull, machinery etc.
- If any repairs that could delay the cargo operations.
- Details of statutory certificates and their period of validity.
- Get vessel ready for tank inspection.
- Discharge and loading plan agreed upon.
- Obtain ship shore safety checklist.
Transferring of engine room bilges into slops:
Via the MARPOL connection.
Transferring slops:
Via the MARPOL line at manifold or cargo manifold.
Gas freeing:
Displacement method: makes use of a pipe opening at the bottom of the tank which displaces HC vapour at the bottom of the tank.
Dilution method: relies on highly powered fans which blows air to the bottom of the tank thus diluting the petroleum vapour at the bottom of the tank. E.g. portable driven fans or eductor driven fans.
For tank entry LFL must always be 1%.
Limits of flammability:
Upper flammable limit: 10% gas to 90% air.
Lower flammable limit: 1% gas to 99% air.
For reception of cargo: 40% LFL.
In inerted condition:
- Oxygen level in tank if below 11% will not support combustion.
- Maximum permissible allowance is 8%.
Learn and understand the flammability range diagram.
Preparation of bulk cargo hatch prior loading:
- Secure hatch openings and ensure safe access for grabs.
- Remove spar ceilings and stow them safely.
- Sweep out hold completely and remove all traces of previous cargo. Consider a fresh water rinse. Ensure that the hold is clear of all previous cargo prior to loading.
- Bilges-
- Well cleaned.
- Test suction.
- Cover bilge lid with burlap and cement.
- Check water tightness and securing arrangements of hatches.
- Check ventilation arrangement.
- Ensure adequate lighting.
- Check moisture content is below transportable moisture limit.
- Check fire fighting / detection / alarm / and smothering system.
- Where fire hazard risk avails no source of ignition. Display appropriate placards.
- Post warning notices.
- Rig shifting boards if necessary.
- Rig cargo thermometers as necessary.
- Remove unwanted dunnage.
- Stability aspect-
- Stresses.
- GM
- Stability adequate.
Hazards of loading coal:
- Emission of flammable gases (methane). Methane which is lighter than air tends to settle in the upper regions of the cargo space. Flammable range being 5% – 15%.
- Some coals liable to spontaneous combustion, carbon monoxide is toxic and has a flammable range of 12% – 75%.
- Liquefaction- cargo that is likely to shift if saturated with water.
Read through the MGN notices.
On every sea going ship on which more than 5 workers are employed the company is required to employ a safety officer.
Safety officers duties:
- Endeavor to ensure that the Code of Safe Working Practices are being followed.
- Endeavor to ensure that the employers occupational health and safety policies are complied with. Investigate their complaints.
- Carry out occupational health and safety inspection to every accessible part of the ship atleast once every three months.
- Investigate: accidents, dangerous occurrences, potential hazards to health or safety, make recommendations to master regarding the reoccurrence of an accident or to remove a hazard or any deficiency to the ship.
- Stop any work at any time, which he reasonably believes, that may cause an accident. Inform master immediately.
- Ensure so far as possible safety instructions, rules and guidance are complied with.
Checks to be made by safety officer:
- Means of access- inspected, in safe condition, unobstructed.
- Fixtures- due to which seaman may trip or cause particular overhead hazard. These should be painted and distinctly marked.
- Guard rails- in place, secured and in good condition.
- Proper illumination.
- Ventilation adequate.
- Machinery adequately guarded.
- Permits to work issued as required.
- Level of supervision adequate particularly for inexperienced crew.
Checks in machinery space:
- Is the engine room safe to enter?
- Is the machinery space adequately guarded?
- Safety operation instructions clearly displayed.
- Are lighting at different levels adequate.
- Is the area clear of combustible material, rags, etc?
- Level of supervision of inexperienced crew adequate.
- All personnel should be properly equipped.
- Means of escape- proper signs and adequate lighting.
- Mantainence of LSA / FFA equipment upto standard.
Any accident or dangerous occurrence to be an important part of the safety officers duty. Actual reporting of an accident will be carried out by the master but it is the safety officer‘s duty to investigate the incident and to assist the master to complete the accident report form.
Safety representative( have powers but no duties):
- Participate in any of the investigations conducted by safety officer provided the latter agrees so after notifying the Master.
- Regarding the crews occupational health and safety, hazardous work that requires to be suspended, consult Master and safety officer making recommendations.
- Inspect any of the safety officer‘s records.
Employer appoints a safety committee (mandatory on all ships) electing the safety representatives.
Membership of the committee must include master as chairman.
Duties of the safety committee:
- Ensure that the provision of safe working practise is complied with.
- Improve standards of safety consciousness amongst the crew.
- Inspect safety officers records.
- Ensure the observance of employers occupational health and safety policies. Consider and take appropriate action if required.
- Keep a record of all proceedings.
Method of improving safety awareness:
- Movies
- Posters
- Publications
- Informal talks
- Mantainence of safety equipment
- Drills
- Marine safety cards
- Accident reports
- Permit to work system
ISM
Objectives:
- Observe safe operation of ships
- Prevent pollution
- Prevent loss of life and damage
- Project environment
- Designated person from compare – DPA designated person ashore
- Master responsible from ship
- Internal audits
- Reports non confirmatives NCR – non conformance report
- Corrective action
- Log all activities
- Have an approved SMS (safety management system)
Normal dry-dock period once every 2 years.
Standard items:
- Hull cleaning and surface preparation.
- Survey of ships bottom (sighting the bottom).
- Anchors- including ranging and marking, turned end to end.
- Chain locker- chipping, painting, bitter end and chain locker educting system.
- Sea v/v and sea chest to be inspected, overhauled and painted.
- Anodes- location, weight and size.
- Inspection and overhaul and load test of lifting equipment.
- Tank, hold and closing appliances to be to be inspected and overhauled.
Repair items:
- Renewal of piping.
- Cargo handling equipment.
- Hatch closing arrangement.
- Bulkhead leaks.
- Replacement of ships side rails.
- Electrical cables.
- Fire fighting equipment.
Documentation:
Check and consult with the master the following:
- General arrangement plan.
- Shell expansion plan.
- Fire plan.
- Repair list.
- Plug plan.
- Stability data.
- Cargo plan if docking with cargo- inform shore authorities for shoring and position of shoring required.
- Rigging plan.
- Inform dock authorities in plenty of time regarding any projections on the hull.
- Post docking information if any.
Stability aspect (chief officers duties before entering the dock):
- Free surface effect in tanks to be removed or reduced.
- GM to be positive when going to the dry-dock and throughout the critical period. When going out ships constants will change- mud, new plates, etc.
- Consult dock authorities for required draft and trim. Generally a small trim by stern is required. More the trim the more the critical period.
- All round sounding of all tanks.
- Hatches and beams stowed in position.
- Derricks and cranes stowed in position.
- Adequate fendering required.
- FFA ready.
- Inform head of all departments.
- Inform c/e to take shore power facilities.
- Required notices posted.
- Security- lock up spaces.
- Rig fenders
Logging down events:
- Time the dock gates open.
- Time vessel enters the dock (bow and stern).
- Time dock gates close.
- Pumping out commenced.
- Time Lines ashore.
- Time the vessel touches the blocks.
- Time all sewn on the blocks forward and aft.
- Dock draining completed.
- Time gangway walkable.
- Vessel certified gas free.
- Utilities connected.
When coming out:
- Time when authority to flood certificate has been signed.
- Time flooding commenced.
- Time all lines cast off.
- Time dock gates open.
- Time vessel clears lock gates forward and aft.
- Have documentation ready and repair list.
- Sound all tanks once again.
- Tank plugs when being removed sight their removal and retained.
- Close all overboard discharges.
- 2 means of safe access.
- Take over facilities from docking master.
Facilities from docking master:
- Toilets.
- Electric shore connection.
- Fire line pressurised, fire men on board.
- Emergency numbers.
- Bonding wire.
- Garbage disposal.
- Gas free certificates.
- Hotwork permits.
When coming out of the dock:
- Check that all repairs have been done to satisfaction. All departments to also to check.
- Checks that all plugs removed to be placed back in position and have been visually sighted.
- Any securing on echo sounder or logs to be removed.
- Propeller and rudder to be clear of any obstruction.
- Any loose objects or staging overhanging on ships side to be removed.
- General check on the anchor- anchor secured and marked.
- Check that the overboard is clear.
- I shall be the last person to leave the dock.
- All soundings to be same as before when the vessel entered the dock.
- Recalculate stability, trim and +ve GM to be maintained throughout.
- Go through the checklist- obtain satisfied and written from the master.
- Sign Authority to Flood Certificate.
- Flooding stopped before rising the forward to check if overboard valves are not leaking.
Why enter the dock with a small stern trim:
- Sole Piece is the strongest part of the ship.
- Dragging ship head to centreline is easier.
- Gradual loss of GM.
- Cable is ranged and inspected visually for any damage or hairline fractures by hammering each link.
- If any part of the cable is corroded and worn more than 10% of diameter then it should be renewed.
- Anchor is changed end to end- all parts of the cable experience equivalent stresses over the years.
- Remarking of the cable.
- Overhauling of the bitter end.
Why do soundings have to be taken and recorded before entering a dry dock and leaving one?
To ensure similar stability state at the time of leaving the dock as it was when entering.
Cargo handling gear
- Good design, construction and of adequate strength for the purpose of which it is intended.
- Slings to be of good construction.
- To be used in safe proper manner and safe working load not be exceeded.
- Persons operating to be competent and experienced authorised by a responsible officer.
- After 1993 lifting plant to be tested every 5 years.
- No lifting plant to be used unless it has been tested atleast once every 12 months by chief officer.
- No plant to be used after installation or repair unless it has been tested then thoroughly examined by a competent person.
- Each lifting appliance is to be clearly marked with the following-
- SWL
- Means of identification.
- Each item of the lifting gear is to be clearly marked with SWL.
- Full account is to be taken of the principles and guidelines in CSWP chapter 17.
Certificate obtained within 28 days of testing and retained on board for a period of 2 years.
Lifting appliance given a static test using a proof load or a dynamometer (static test).
Proof Load: exceeds a SWL by a given percentage or weight to check the safety of a derrick or a crane.
The proof load is to be applied by hoisting movable weights by using the cargo purchase and with the weights in the hoisted position the hoisted position the derricks are to be swung in both directions as far as possible.
Tests on Derricks:
SWL PROOF LOAD
Upto 20 t: SWL + 25% (if less than 15t then dynamometer may be used)
20t – 50t: SWL + 5 t
50t and more: SWL + 10%
Condemning of a wire:
- In any 8 diameter when 10% of the strands are broken.
- For standing rig (steel wire rope)- 6 X 6 wires per strand.
- For running rig-
- Flexible steel wire rope- 6 X 12/18/48 wires per strand.
- Extra flexible steel wire rope- 6 X 36 wires per strand.
The extra flexible steel wire rope has a fibre core for lubrication.
Breaking Stress: 20 D2 / 500
Safe Working Load: Breaking Stress / 6
Union Purchase SWL: 1/3 SWL of single derrick
Safe Angle Between Runners: 90o and 120o occasionally.
Code of safe working practise says that a mass in excess of SWL should not be lifted unless:
- A test is carried out.
- The weight and the proof load is known.
- Lift is a straight lift by a single appliance.
- Lift is supervised by a competent person.
- The competent person has given in writing that it is safe to do so.
- No person is exposed to danger.
Register of ship lifting appliance and cargo handling gear:
- Certificates and tests together with reports of examination.
- Certificates and identity number recorded on certificate of loose gear- blocks, shackles, bridle etc.
- When testing a lifting plant the following are recorded- name and status of competent person, SWL, proof load.
- Details of regular maintenance, defects and repairs.
Rigging Plan:
- Position of derricks producing maximum force.
- Position of guys and preventers to resist maximum forces.
- Position size and SWL of blocks.
- Position of inboard and outward booms.
- Length size and SWL of runner, topping lift, guys and preventers.
- Maximum angle between runners.
- Maximum headroom (permissible height of cargo hook above hatch coaming).
- Position and size of deck eye plates.
- SWL of shackles.
- Guidance on maintenance of derricks.
- Combined diagram showing forces for a load of 1 tonne or the SWL.
Information regarding derrick strength if found- in the Register of Lifting Appliances and Cargo Handling Gear.
Overhauling goose neck (yearly):
- Ensure vessel provides stable platform (i.e. vessel should be at anchor free from any rolling or pitching).
- Secure the derrick head in its crutch.
- Remove and overhaul derrick heel block.
- Secure a purchase of appropriate SWL on mast or Samson Post and to the derrick.
- A direct lift can be obtained over the derrick heel by unshipping the derrick topping block and securing the purchase by a strap to the derrick heel.
- Withdraw horizontal and vertical bolts and nuts and recondition them.
- Unship the derrick and secure in its temporary crutch.
- Clean all parts and check for- wear and tear, hairline fractures, and particular attention to the bolts.
- All parts to be properly lubricated and reassemble the goose neck area to its operational condition.
- Make relevant entries in “Register of ship Lifting Appliances and Cargo Gear“.
Thorough examination:
Means a detailed examination by a competent person supplemented by stripping the gear down for inspection if judged necessary.
- A competent person to examine all gears.
- Any test involving proof load.
- Every 12 months thorough examination which includes- dismantling of all loose gear and hidden parts as judged necessary to arrive at a reliable conclusion as safety of plant is examined.
- Certificate numbers.
- Examination performed e.g. initial, yearly, 5 yearly, if any repairs or damage etc.
- Declaration of competent person to be signed and dated.
- Remarks to be signed and dated.
Competent person: someone over 18 years in age possessing practical and theoretical knowledge and actual experience of the type of plant being examined. His job will be to discover any defects or weakness and assess their importance in relation to strength, stability, and function of the equipment.
Care of cargo blocks:
- Check swivel head and sheeve (also check grooves on sheeve for wear down) for free movement.
- Examine side plate for distortion or buckling.
- Check axil pin- ensure no play and check thread of pin.
- Check split pin and distance piece.
- Oil surface of blocks.
- Do not paint grease nipples and statutory markings.
Maintenance of cargo handling equipment:
- Weekly: grease nipples on whinches, blocks, derricks cranes.
- 3 months: auxiliary equipment (chains, rings, hooks, swivels, blocks and shackles).
- 6 months: a thorough overall check of the above equipment.
- Grease nipples checked.
- Derrick: stripped and all auxiliary equipment gear taken apart examined greased and reassembled.
- Whinches to be overhauled with engineer.
- Location and identification number of each item complying with the rigging plan.
- Amend the rigging plan if any part of the gear has been replaced.
- Each item to have a certificate.
- 12 months: derust, paint and overhaul derrick gooseneck.
- All gear should be inspected before use.
Precautions when loading a heavy lift:
- Stability-
- ensure stability if the vessel is adequate and maximum heel is acceptable.
- Eliminate FSE.
- Large GM available since rise in G is going to occur.
- Rid extra mast stays as necessary.
- Check condition of derrick and gear before use (all moving parts to be freely rotating).
- Rig fenders.
- Gangway up.
- Moorings taut (men standby in case of an emergency).
- Cast off all barges.
- Unauthorised personnel sent ashore. Inform head of all departments before lift commences.
- Check ships data to ensure deck is strong enough to support load (Deck Load Capacity Plan).
- Clear area of deck where load is to be placed and adequate dunnage to be placed to spread load evenly.
- Whinch driver competent.
- One person at all times giving directions.
- Put winches in double gear.
- Set strong steam guys before lifting. Secure steadying lines at ends of the load.
- Lateral drag- simultaneously slacken on topping lift and runner wire to keep plumbline intact. Derrick to be plumb over the weight at all times.
Vessel laid up and you join as chief officer:
- Consult rigging plan, register of ship lifting appliances and cargo handling gear, deck capacity plan, stability information booklet.
- Rig derrick correctly.
- Bring in surveyor.
Can you load a 25t weight with a derrick of 25t SWL:
Practically speaking no. Due allowance is to be made for other parts of the lifting gear- slings, shackles is also to be taken into account.
What would you do if you were to load a heavy lift on a tank top?
- Check the deck load capacity plan.
- Ballast the tank top for additional precaution.
M- Notices: merchant ship notices which are published by the MCA and recommendations contained in it should be complied with. It is a method by which the MCA promulgates information, which is quickly brought to the attention of seafarers, management and those associated with the industry.
They are divided into three categories:
Merchant Shipping Notices (white coloured): convey mandatory information that must be complied with under UK law. In otherwards they explain and amplify statutory requirements.
Marine Guidance Notices (blue coloured): SOLAS, MARPOL, etc.
Marine Information Notes (green coloured): administrative information aimed at training establishments.
Each notice will be affixed as follows: (M): for merchant ships
(F): for fishing vessels
(M+F): for merchant ships and fishing vessels
Oil Record Book:
Every oil tanker of 150 grt and above and every vessel of 400 grt and above other than a tanker shall be provided with an Oil Record Book Part I (Machinery Space Operations).
Every oil tanker of 150 grt and above shall also be provided with Oil Record Book Part II (Cargo / Ballast Operations).
Entries: Any movement of oil in and out of the vessel and internal shifting of oil.
Non Tankers:
- ballasting or cleaning of fuel tanks.
- discharge of ballast or water from fuel oil tanks, which have been ballasted or cleaned.
- disposal of oil residues.
- discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery space.
- Bunkering operations.
Tankers:
- loading of oil cargo.
- discharging of oil.
- internal transfer of oil during the voyage.
- ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean ballast tanks.
- cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing.
- discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tanks.
- discharge of water from slop tanks.
- closing of all applicable valves or similar device after slop tank discharge operations.
- closing of v/v necessary for isolation of dedicated clean ballast tanks from cargo and stripping lines after slop tank discharge operations.
Control of discharge of oil (as per Marpol):
Any discharge of oil into the sea is prohibited except when the following conditions are satisfied-
- tanker is not within a special area.
- tanker is more than 50 nm from the nearest land.
- tanker is proceeding enroute.
- instantaneous discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 ltrs / nautical mile.
- total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed-
- 1/ 15,000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part (for existing tankers).
- 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part (for new tankers).
- the tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring equipment and slop tank arrangement.
For a ship of 400 grt and above other than an oil tanker and from machinery space bilges excluding cargo p/p room bilges of an oil tanker unless mixed with oil cargo residue-
- The ship is not within a special area.
- The ship is more than 12 nautical miles away from the nearest land.
- The ship is proceeding enroute.
- The oil content of the affluent is less than 15ppm.
- The ship has an an oil discharging monitoring and controlling system, oily water separating equipment, oil filtering equipment or any other installation as required by regulation.
- every vessel of 12m or more in length shall display placards informing the crew and passengers of the disposal requirements of garbage.
- every ship of 400grt and above certified to carry 15 passengers or more shall carry a garbage management plan and a garbage record book.
- v/l‘s which are exempted-
- A vessel certified to carry 15 passengers or more if engaged in a voyage of one hour or less.
- fixed or floating offshore installations.
Contents of Garbage Management Plan:
- designated person who is incharge of carrying out the plan.
- procedures for collecting, processing, stowing and disposing the garbage.
- Antarctic
- Baltic Sea
- Black Sea
- Mediterranean Sea
- North Sea
- Persian Gulf
- Red Sea
- Wider Caribbean
Classes of Garbage:
- Plastics.
- Floating dunnage, lining and packing material.
- Ground down paper products, rags, glass, metals bottles and crockery.
- Paper products, rags, glass, metal bottles, crockery.
- Food waste.
- Incinerator Ash.
Entries to be made in the Garbage Record Book:
- when garbage is discharged into the sea, reception facilities ashore or other vessels.
- when garbage is incinerated.
- accidental or other exceptional discharge of garbage.
- time of occurrence.
- port or position of vessel at the time of occurrence.
- category of garbage and estimated amount in m3.
- reason of disposal and remarks.
Garbage disposal outside Special Areas:
- no plastics.
- floating materials- more than 25 nautical miles.
- food, crockery, bottles, rags, meals, cans etc- more than 12 nautical miles.
- food crockery etc comminuted- more than 3 nautical miles.
Inside special areas:
- food wastes- more than 12 nautical miles.
- in wider Caribbean region food wastes comminuted- more than 3 nautical miles.
Ship Board Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)
Every non-tanker of 400 grt or above and every tanker of 150 grt and above must have SOPEP on board in the form of a manual. The plan should consist of the following:
- The procedure to be followed by master or another person having charge of the ship to report an oil pollution incident.
When:
- If discharge exceeds MARPOL limits.
- Discharge to save life or property.
- Discharge resulting from damage.
- Threat or probability of discharge.
How:
- By quickest available means to coastal radio station, designated ship movement reporting system or RCC at sea.
- By quickest available means to local authorities in port.
What:
- Initial report.
- Follow up report.
- Cargo / ballast bunker disposition.
- Characteristics of oil spilled.
- Slick movement.
- Weather and sea conditions.
- List of authorities to be contacted in the event of an oil spill.
Who:
- Nearest coast station.
- Harbour and terminal authorities.
- Ship owners / managers / P & I authorities.
- A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or discharge of oil following the incident.
In case of spills caused by casualties:
- Immediate action to preserve life and property.
- Immediate action to prevent escalation of the incident.
- Damage assessment procedures.
In case of operational spills:
- Preventive measures and procedures.
- Actions in the event of-
- Pipeline leakage.
- Tank overflow.
- Hull leakage.
- The procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating ship board action with national and local authorities in combating the pollution.
- Action required initiating response.
- Ships responsibility regarding monitoring clean up activities.
- Assistance that can be provided by the ship.
- Details of any materials carried on board to assist the cleaning on deck spills.
- Details of oil spill response arrangement and policies.
- Guidance on record keeping and sampling procedures.
- List plans and drawings.
- Company organisational charts.
- List of key contacts-
- Company.
- P & I club and correspondents.
- Agents.
- Ships particulars.
- General arrangement plan.
- Table of tank capacities.
- Piping and pumping plan.
- Bunker disposition.
- Mid ship section plan.
- Plan indicating frame spacing.
- Damage stability data.
- Cargo stowage plan.
- Cargo certificates of quality.
- List and disposition of shipboard clean up material.
- Record of shipboard oil pollution emergency drills.
Surveys:
Preparation of Loadline survey:
- Check that access and openings in superstructure are in good condition-
- Dogs, clamps and hinges to be free and well greased.
- Gaskets and watertight openings to be free of cracks.
- Doors should be able to be opened from both sides.
- Machinery space openings to be checked on exposed weather deck.
- Cargo hatches-
- Hatches and access to be weather tight.
- Portable wooden hatch covers to be in good condition- tarpaulins in good conditions and atleast 2 provided for each hatch cover.
- Ventilators- opening and closing arrangement to be free.
- Air pipes- opening and closing arrangement to be functioning freely.
- Free ports in good condition.
- Manholes and flush scuttles- watertight.
- Check efficiency securing of portable beams.
- Guard rails and bulwark to be of satisfactory, lifelines to be rigged.
- Below the freeboard deck check- cargo ports, side scuttles and openings to have must have efficient internal watertight dead lights.
- Non return and overboard valves functioning properly.
Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Survey:
Life saving appliances:
- Lifeboat-
- Stores and equipment.
- Particular attention to bottom boards and buoyancy material.
- Thwarts free of cracks.
- Overhaul and grease which davits and blocks. Falls to be renewed or turned end to end. Repaint markings on the lifeboat.
- When boats are in water run the boats ahead and astern.
- Inflatable liferafts to be serviced within the last 12 months.
- Lifebuoys- si lights, grab lines, markings well painted.
- Lifejackets- lights, whistles and markings.
- Pyrotechnics- expiry dates.
Fire Fighting appliances:
- Fire control plans legible.
- Check fire hoses, nozzles and applicators in good condition.
- Test emergency fire pump.
- Overhaul all extinguishers.
- Test and overhaul fixed fire equipment system.
- Check breathing apparatus and firemans suit.
- Check fire and smoke detection system.
Other checks:
- Emergency lighting system.
- Check closing arrangements for- ventilators, skylits, doors and funnel.
- Check navigational equipment.
- Check pilot ladders and pilot hoists.
In general all checks to be carried out as per the record of inspection form at the back of the SEQ certificate.
Engine failure (v/l rolling heavily):
- NUC lights.
- V/l on hand steering.
- Inform master.
- Bring vessel head to wind.
- Increase weights forward by filling up the forepeak and consider walking back anchor upto 4 to 5 shackles. This will increase the weight forward considering the pivot point of the vessel to shift forward resulting a sailing effect.
- To reduce the rolling-
- Winging out weights- increases the rolling period.
- Reduce GM by ballasting TST‘s.
Manoverboard
- Helm hard over on the side which the man has fallen.
- Release lifebuoy with smoke signal. If possible release the SART.
- Press GPS MOB button.
- Sound emergency alarm.
- Main engines for immediate manoeuvring.
- Inform master.
- Post lookouts.
- Sound emergency signal “O“ on fog signal. Broadcast by VHF to all vessels in the vicinity. Hoist ICS flag “O“.
- Turn out rescue boat- muster crew and standby.
- Continuos monitoring of vessels position on chart.
- Update weather reports.
- Log book entries.
Collision
- Stop engines and obtain an assessment of the situation. It may be prudent to maintain a few revolutions in the engines to avoid the other vessel form flooding and consequent sinking when both vessels are separating.
- Sound emergency alarm.
- Switch on deck lights and NUC lights.
- Inform master. Inform engine room and all departments.
- Broadcast message to all ships in the vicinity.
- Carry out head count and damage assessment.
- Muster damage control parties and detail duties.
- Order bilge pumps and ballast pumps to start pumping out effected area.
- Shut all watertight doors and fire doors.
- Communication officer- standby to obtain weather report. Navigational officer to update vessels position and assist master as required.
- Prepare survival craft for immediate launching if situation demands.
Chief officers duties:
- Internal sounding of all tanks- check watertight integrity.
- Machinery space wet or dry.
- Head count- check for casualties.
- Investigate pollution possibilities.
- Will consider ballasting to bring damaged portion above waterline.
Masters legal obligations:
- Standby to render assistance.
- Exchange information with master of other information-
- General particulars of other vessel.
- Port of departure.
- Port of destination.
- Report accident to Marine Accident Investigation Bereau (MAIB).
- Make entries in official log book.
Grounding
- Stop engines.
- Sound emergency alarm.
- Display aground lights and switch on deck lights.
- Inform master and all departments.
- Broadcast warning message to all vessels in the vicinity and continuos VHF watch maintained.
- Position on chart investigated and safe port options investigated.
Chief officers duties:
- Extent and position of damage.
- Head count- casualties.
- Check watertight integrity of hull- internal and external soundings. After soundings have been made air pipes and sounding pipes to be well secured. This will prevent oil pollution and water pressure causing the oil to rise upwards.
- Condition of machinery wet or dry.
- Shut all watertight doors and fire doors.
- Obtain damage reports from all departments.
- Refer to vessels damage stability information.
- Damage control party mustered and reduce the ingress of water.
- Consider the possibility of fire or oil pollution hazards.
- Determine nature of bottom. Determine time of next high water.
- Lifeboat ready and swung out. LSA / FFA equipment standby.
- Appropriate entries made in logbook.
After grounding there is no damage to hull or watertight integrity. What will you do next?
I will call for an underwater survey.
Beaching
Is defined as taking the ground intentionally as occurs for 2 reasons-
- To prevent the loss of the vessel when damaged below the waterline.
- When it is the intention to refloat after watertight integrity has been restored.
Procedure:
- Take on full ballast before beaching.
- Consider bow first if bow damaged and stern first if stern damaged at about 90 o to the tide.
- Consider letting go the weather anchor first, this would prevent the vessel from slewing parallel to the beach.
- Should the vessel be damaged stern then stern first approach would be desirable. In this case it could be made in the form of a Mediterranean Moor, letting go both anchors which may be used to heave the vessel of when the time comes.
- Anti slew wires to be used in conjunction with the anchor.
- Make internal and external soundings after beaching.
Suggestions to master when refloating the vessel:
- Master to be informed at all times.
- Calculate times of immediate high water.
- Consider reducing weights on board- deballasting and jettison as last option.
- Damage stability.
- Consider dropping an anchor to prevent a damaged ship from sliding into deeper waters.
- Tug to standby at all times when refloating.
Anti pollution measures following emergencies:
- Plug all scuppers.
- Repair damage and leaking areas.
- Pump out surplus to barges or other vessels or transfer to other tanks internally.
- Organise oil pollution barrier and chemical dispersants.
- Consider listing or trimming vessel to bring damaged portion over water line.
Heavy weather precautions
- Verify vessels position and consider re routing.
- Update weather report and plot storm movement.
- Stability- avoid slack tanks and minimise FSE.
- Warn all departments.
- Rig lifelines forward and aft.
- Check cargo lashing.
- Close all deck ventilation.
- Anchors to be well secured- spurling pipe cemented, break tight, bow stopper well secured and additional lashing at the hawse pipe.
- All derricks and cranes secured.
- Check that accommodation ladder has been well secured.
- Clear deck of surplus gear.
- Secure bridge against heavy rolling and pitching.
- Slacken halyards and remove awnings.
- Establish heavy weather work routine-reduce manpower on deck.
- Obtain and update weather reports continuously. Update position.
- Reduce speed to prevent pounding and engage manual steering in ample time.
- Revise e.t.a.
- Make relevant log entries.
- Do not secure any line passed down.
- Do not touch whinchman, stretcher, hook or wire until earthed.
- Do not fire rockets or line throwing apparatus.
- Do not direct strong light towards chopper.
- No radio communication during radio operations.
- Avoid wasting time as fuel is expensive.
- Alter course towards rendezvous position.
- Prepare deck reception.
- Continuos communication with chopper.
- Display r.a.m. lights.
- Continuously monitor own ships position and other vessels in the vicinity.
Engagements:
- Display wind indicator.
- V/l on manual steering.
- Course altered to pilot’s instructions.
- Maintain maximum manoeuvring speed.
- Clear of all navigational obstructions and maintain adequate sea room.
- Log all events.
High line operations:
This operation is employed when there is-
- Exposed rigging.
- Rough seas.
- Numerous persons.
- Aircraft will establish a high hover position clear of all obstructions.
- Weighted heaving line is passed down towards the vessel.
- Hoist wire will then be lowered down once deck crew have got hold of weighted heaving line.
- Chopper will then traverse backwards to gain visual contact.
- Aircrew man descends and deck crew to heave on heaving line.
- Aircraft maintains station, aircrewman organises double hoist transfer for vessel.
Precautions:
- Display windsock.
- Ensure all rigging and obstructions, loose objects about the helicopter landing area is clear. Loose objects could come in contact with the rotor blades.
- Deck party correctly dressed and well equipped- wearing brightly colour waistcoats and protective helmets.
- Communication between chopper, deck and bridge.
- Fireman standby fully equipped.
- Fire p/p running with adequate pressure on deck.
- Fire hoses, extinguishers, foam monitors and portable foam applicators ready. Foam applicator nozzles pointing towards landing area.
- The following to be standby-
- Large axe.
- Crowbar.
- Wire cutter
- Red emergency signal torch.
- Marshalling battons at night.
- First aid equipment.
- Rescue party detailed, manoverboard rescue boat ready for lowering.
- Static hook hander is properly equipped- helmet, rubber gloves, and rubber soled shoes.
- At night if operating adequate light available without blinding chopper.
- Display proper lights or shapes.
- Clear access to and from operational area.
Additionally requirements for tankers:
- Ships with i.g. system- have pressure released from tanks within 30‘ of commencement of chopper operations and pressure released to slightly positive.
- Tank openings closed.
Additional requirements for bulk carriers:
- Surface ventilation ceased.
- Hatch openings fully battened down.
Additional requirements for gas carriers:
- Avoid vapour emissions on deck.
Preparations when proceeding to a distress:
- Prepare hospital.
- Plot rendezvous position and continue updating target position. Highlight navigational dangers.
- Radar on long range scanning and systematic plotting of targets detected.
- Communication officer standby.
- V/l on manoeuvring speed and manual steering.
- Post extra lookouts as high as possible.
- Pass own details with relevant search and rescue operation update to RCC.
- Prepare rescue boat and emergency crew.
- Obtain weather reports.
- Maintain internal and external position.
- Rig guest wrap (a rope that extends from forward to aft).
- Advice owners agents and reschedule e.t.a.
Chief Officers duties:
- Rig a good strong rope from bow to quarter (guest wrap).
- Rig derrick on each side with platform cargo sling ready to help injured or helpless survivors out of water.
- Rig fenders on each side- to bring lifeboats safely alongside.
- Get rescue boat ready and crew standby, keep liferaft ready but do not inflate.
- Check rescue boat equipment.
- Proper communication between rescue boat and vessel.
- Medical party and first aid party standby.
- Ships signaling equipment and LTA standby.
When approaching the scene:
- Post extra lookouts.
- Reduced speed and manual steering employed.
- Continuous radar watch.
- Get in touch with RCC and follow instructions.
- Make own vessel visible to survivors- at night signalling lamp and by day black smoke or use ships whistle.
- Do not dump anything overboard- this may confuse the survivors.
Factors that are taken into account when choosing On Scene Commander:
- On board communication equipment.
- Whether doctor or trained medical staff on board.
- Hospital and casualty treatment facilities.
- Vessels characteristics- freeboard, speed manoeuvrability ETA.
What determines the spacing in a search pattern?
- Type of object being searched.
- Meteorological visibility.
- Track spacing may be decreased to increase the probability of detection or decreased to increase the area covered in a given time.
- Sea condition.
- Time of day.
- Effectiveness of observers.
Information picked up from survivors:
- Ships name and call sign.
- Complement.
- Whether other survivors are still in the vicinity.
- Casualties- names.
Always remember to approach casualties from leeward and liferaft from windward.
Learn diagrams of various search patterns. Read IAMSAR (International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue) manual also.
When can a master decline to proceed to a search and rescue:
- Putting own vessel, crew or passengers in danger.
- Bunker capacity does not permit.
- Weather conditions are unfavourable.
- Loadline zone does not permit.
- When it is not practical to do so.
Anchor operations
Preparations when going to anchor:
- Ask engine room for deck and windlass power.
- Anchor party standby.
- Checks to be made-
- Windlass oil, bottle screw, fair lead, capstan, bitter end and chain locker.
- All moving parts and gears on the windlass are well greased.
- Anchor lashings at hawse pipe and cement at spurling pipe is clear.
- Before switching on the windlass power ensure that the anchor breaks are tight and bow stopper is well secured and windlass is not in gear.
- Check overside is clear and anchor sighted.
- Anchor lights and shapes available.
- When taking in anchor deck water.
- Switch on windlass. Put windlass in gear, slacken on break and take slight weight on the bow stopper.
- Clear away the bow stopper.
- Lower away the anchor under power and leave the anchor hanging about 1m above water level.
- Tighten breaks and disengage windlass from gear.
- Inform bridge anchor is ready for letting go.
Deep water anchoring:
- Do not let go anchor.
- The anchor is then walked back all the way to the seabed.
- As the vessel drops astern the cable will grow. The officer on watch should be aware of the amount of cable being paid out so that too much cable is not paid out till the bitter end.
- Chief officer should be aware of the windlass capacity when picking up the anchor- amount of cable paid out plus the weight of the anchor.
Letting go is not prohibited because:
- Control could be lost due to excessive weight on the cable, thereby resulting in loss of anchor and cable making the vessel unseaworthy.
- Possibility of serious damage or injury.
When taking up the anchor you realize it is not coming up anymore?
Drop astern to shallower waters thus relieving the weight of the chain on the windlass, then bring up the anchor.
If for some reason it is not practical to do so. Action?
Bring the anchor up using the derrick.
Another vessel dragging anchor towards own vessel:
- Inform master.
- Sound 5 or more rapid blasts on the whistle.
- Call on VHF- station identification.
- Engines to be ready for immediate manoeuvring.
- Anchor party standby.
- Pay out more cable. Go ahead and steam over own cable.
- Provide the vessel with a sheer with a hard over action.
- Make relevant entries in logbook.
- Makers name or initials.
- Progressive number.
- Weight.
- Number of certificate.
Anchor certificate:
- Type of anchor.
- Weight excluding stock in KGs.
- Weight of stock and head.
- Length of shank and arm in mm.
- Diameter of trend.
- Proof load applied in tonnes.
- Identification of proving house, official mark and government mark.
- Number of test certificate.
- Year of licence.
- Number and date of drop test.
Test on cables:
- Less than 12.5 mm cables to be tested.
- Three links are taken from each length (27.5 m) for a tensile breaking test.
- If this is successful then the total length of the cable will be subjected to a tensile proof test.
Read clearing a foul hawse and tests on anchors form House.
Removing a Kenter Lugs shackle:
- Remove lead pellet by using a punch and a drift.
- Remove spile pin.
- The stud can be extracted and then 2 halves of the shackle will be separated by means a top swage obtained from the manufacturer.
Fire Fighting Appliance (cargo ships)
Capacity of fire pumps (Total required capacity not more than 180 m3/hr):
- Each fire pump (other than Emergency fire pump) shall have a capacity not less than 80 % of total required capacity divided by minimum no of required fire pumps but in any case not less than 25 m3/hr.
- Each pump capable of delivering at least 2 required jets of water.
- G/S, Ball, Bilge pumps accepted as fire pumps provided:
- Not normally used for pumping oil.
- If used occasionally have suitable changeover arrangements fitted.
Emergency Fire pump:
- Capacity not less than 40 % of total required capacity of the fire pumps but in any case not less than 25 m3 / hr.
- Capable of delivering 2 jets of water with minimum pressure (at a 3rd hydrant – not a SOLAS requirement) not less than 2.1 bar.
- Diesel power source of pump started in cold condition of 0° C by hand or by power at least 6 times within a period of 30 minutes and at least twice within 1st 10 minutes.
- Tank to have sufficient fuel for at least 3 hours and reserve fuel outside main machinery space to allow the pump to run for additional 15 hours.
(Total suction head and the net positive suction head of the pump to be such that they will provide for the required capacity and pressure under all conditions of list, trim, roll and pitch likely to be encountered in service)
- No direct access between engine room and emergency fire pump. If access provided, through and airlock.
- Isolation valves in tankers to be fitted on the fire main on poop and tank deck at intervals not more than 40 meters to pressure integrity of fire main system.
(Diameter of fire main: sufficient for maximum discharge from 2 pumps operating simultaneously except for cargo ships the diameter need be sufficient for a discharge of 140 m3 / hour.
- Number and position such that at least two jets of water not from the same hydrant can reach any part of the ship.
- One shall be from a single length of a hose.
- Engine room hydrant – one on each side and one in tunnel.
Fire hoses:
- Passenger ships: One fire hose for each hydrant.
- Cargo ships: One for each 30 meter length of the vessel and one spare but in no case less than 5 in nos.
- (Length of hose not less than 18 meter if breadth of vessel more than 27 meter then hose length of 27 meter but not more) – not in SOLAS.
- All nozzles of dual purpose type i.e. spray and jet in corroborating a shut off.
- Standard nozzle size = 12mm, 16mm and 19mm.
- For accommodations and service spaces a nozzle side greater than 12mm need not be used.
- Machinery spaces more than 19mm need not be used.
CO2 Systems:
- Cargo spaces: Quantity of CO2 available be sufficient to give a minimum volume of gas equal to 30 % of the gross volume of largest cargo space so protected by the ship.
- Machinery spaces: Quantity of CO2 available be sufficient to give a minimum volume of gas equal to 40 % of the gross volume of space (excluding casing) or 35 % of the gross volume of space (including casing). For machinery spaces, the fixed piping system shall be such that 85 % of the gas can be discharged into the space within 2 minutes.
- For the purpose of the above volume of free CO2 shall be calculated at 0.56 m3 / kg.
- Two separate controls shall be provided for releasing
- One control shall be used to discharge the gas from its storage container.
- The other to open the valve of the piping which conveys the gas to the protected space.
Fire extinguishers:
- All of approved type and design capacity of portable extinguisher not more than 13.5 litres and not less than 9 litres.
- Spare charges for 100 % of extinguishers.
- Portable foam applicator consists of an air foam nozzle of an inductor type capable of being connected to the fire main by a fire hose and a portable tank of at least 20 litres.
- Foam making liquid and one spare tank.
- Rate of foam 1.5 m3 / minute.
- One of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space to be stowed outside the entrance.
- Boiler room:
- One set of portable foam applicator unit required.
- At least 2 portable fire extinguisher
- At least 1 approved foam type extinguisher of capacity 135 litres.
- A receptacle containing sand or sawdust impregnated with soda.
- Any fixed fire-extinguishing system – e.g. CO2, foam, water spray.
- Spaces with internal combustion machinery:
- Any fixed extinguishing system.
- At least 1 set of foam applicator unit.
- Sufficient number of foam type extinguisher capacity 45 litres plus sufficient number of portable foam so placed that walking distance between extinguishers not more than 10 meters.
- High expansion foam: (fixed type system in machinery space)
- Sufficient to fill the greatest space to be protected at a rate of at least 1 meter in depth / minute.
- Produce a volume of foam equal to 5 times the volume of the space.
- Expansion ratio of not less than 5 liters/m2/minute.
- Sprinklers: Application rate of not less than 5 liters/m2/minute.
Fire mans outfit:
- Fire proof protective clothing outer surface waterproof.
- Boots and gloves of rubber or non-conductive of electricity.
- Rigid helmet.
- Electric safety lamp (approved type) minimum burning period 3 hours.
- An axe (approved type with cover)
- Breathing apparatus.
- SCBA at least 1200 litres capacity or capable of functioning for at least 30 minutes. Normal breathing rate 40 litres / minute.
- Fire proof line attached to harness.
- All ships at least 2 fireman’s outfit’s.
- To carry at least 4 sets of fire mans outfits widely spread. > for tankers.
International shore connection:
- Outside diameter: 178 mm
- Inside diameter: 64 mm
- Bolt circle diameter: 132 mm
- Slots in flange4 holes: 19 mm in diameter
- Flange thickness: minimum 14.5 mm
- Bolts and nuts4 nos: each 16 mm in diameter, 50 mm in length
- Washers: 8 nos.
Fixed deck foam systems: (tanker’s – low expansion)
- Capable of delivering foam to entire cargo tank deck as well as into a cargo tank if the is ruptured.
- Control station outside and away from cargo area and readily accessible, simple and rapid operation.
- Rate of foam not less than 0.6 litres/ m2/ minute.
- Sufficient supply of foam concentrate to produce foam for at least 20 minutes. ( IG system fitted)
- Foam supplied through foam monitors and applicators. (1250 litre/min)
- Capacity of any monitors at least 3 liter/m2/minute.
- Capacity of applicator not less than 400 litres/minute and throw not less than 15 meter
Inert gas systems: (cargo tank protection):
- Maintaining O2 content less than 8 % by volume in any part of cargo tank.
- Positive pressure at all times.
- Maintaining O2 content less than 5 % in the IG main.
- System capable of delivering IG to cargo tanks at a rate of at least 125 % of the maximum discharge rate.
- 2 blowers : capacity 20000 m3/hr
- IG : capacity 1000 m3 / hr
- Vacuum : 200 mm wg
- High pressure : 1200 mm wg
Steering gear: (regulation 29)
- All ships to be provided with main and auxiliary steering gear, independent from each other.
Main steering gear:
- Rudderstock shall be
- Adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead speed.
- Capable of putting rudder over from 35° one side to 35° other side at its deepest draft and maximum ahead service speed and 35° on either side to 30° on other side in 28 seconds.
- Operated by power and designed so as not to incur damage at maximum astern speed.
Auxiliary steering gear:
- Adequate strength and capable of steering at a navigable speed.
- Capable of putting the rudder 15° one side to 15° the other side in 60 seconds, when vessel at deepest draft and running ahead at ½ maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots whichever is greater.
- Steering gear control from Navigation Bridge and locally.
- Auxiliary steering gear controls from locally and if power operated also operable from Navigation Bridge.
- Steering capability to be regained in not more than 45 seconds after the loss of one power system.
Emergency power: (capable of illuminating):
- Passenger ships: not less than 36 hours
- Cargo ships: not less than 18 hours
- Navigation bridge, navigation lights, navigation equipment, aldis, whistle, accommodation, alleyway, stairway, machinery space, control stations, radio room, LSA gear, FFA gear, communication.
Tests and drills:
- Test is within 12 hours of departure.
- Emergency steering drills once every 3 months.
Pilot hoists:
Construction-
- A mechanical powered winch with brake.
- Two separate falls.
- A ladder consisting of a rigid upper part on which the pilot stands and a flexible lower past of a short length of pilot ladder which enables a person to board from or disembark a launch.
- Hand operating gear in emergencies.
- Safety limit switch.
- Emergency stops (capable to be operated by person in the hoist)
- Speed of hoist 15 – 30 meter’s / minute.
- Hoist securely attached to ships structure not side rails.
- Falls long enough to do the job and still have 3 times on the drum.
Ladder section –
- Rigid part – 2.5 meters long.
- Non skid steps for safe access and safe hand holds
- Spreader with rollers fitted at lower end to roll freely on shipside.
- Flexible lower part must be 8” steps long.
- New hoists subjected to over load test of 2.2 times the working load.
- Operating test of 10 % over load.
- Every 6 months regular test rigging and inspection which includes a load test of 150 KGs.
- Entry in ships official log book.
Life saving appliances:
Life buoys:
Length < 100: min no of life buoys = 8
100 < 150: min no of life buoys = 10
150 < 200: min no of life buoys = 12
200: min no of life buoys = 14 Requirements:
- Outer diameter not more than 800 mm
- Inner diameter not less than 400 mm
- Constructed of buoyant material.
- Mass not less than 2.5 KGs ( MOB not less than 4 KGs )
- Support 14.5 kg of iron for 24 hours in fresh water.
- Withstand a drop into water from a stowage position to waterline in light condition or 30 meter whichever is greater.
- Fitted with a grab line not less than 9.5 mm in diameter. Grab line secured at 4 equidistant points. Length not less than 4 times the outside diameter.
- Painted international orange / highly visible colour.
- Readily available on both sides of vessel. At least one at stern. No permanent securing.
- At least one buoy on each side fitted with buoyant life line ( 2 x stow height or 30 meter)
- At least ½ the no of life buoys with SI lights ( 2 hours )
- At least 2 with smoke floats ( 15 minutes )
- Marked in roman – name and port of registry.
Life jackets:
Requirements –
- One for every person on board + 25 % extra.
- Fitted with retro reflective tape + life jacket lights ( visibility 1 mile )
- For children 10 % of the no of passengers on board
Construction –
- Correctly donning within 1 minute.
- Capable of wearing inside out
- Can jump from a height of 4.5 meters into water
- Turn the body of an unconscious person in 5 sec’s
- Lifts the mouth 128 mm clear of the water
- Fitted with a whistle
- Buoyancy not reduced by more than 5 % after 24 hour immersion in fresh water
Immersion suits:
Requirements –
- Unpacked + donned within 2 minutes
- Permit the wearer to climb up and down a vertical ladder at least 5 meter in length
- Jump from a height of 4.5 meter into the water
- Cover the whole body with exception of face.
- Core temperature does not fall more than 2° C after a period of 6 hours in water of temperature 0° – 2° C
- Turn the wearer face up in 5 seconds.
- Provided for every person assigned to crew rescue boat.
- Cargo ships for each life boat at least 3 suits or if necessary 1 for each person on board
- TPA for persons on board not provided for by immersion suits.
- Immersion suits and TPA not required if —
- Vessel had total enclosed life boats for 100 % of compliment on each side
- Free fall life boat for 100 % of compliment
- Engaged in warm climates
- If vessel less than 85 meters than davit launched life rafts required 100 % of compliment
Rescue boats:
- Capable of being launched from stowage position with parent vessel making a headway of 5 knots.
- Means of rapid recovery
- Capability to manoeuvre at 6 knots for 4 hours and tow the largest life raft with full compliment at 2 knots.
- Function – recover persons from water, marshal survival craft.
- In a state of continuous readiness ( launching in 5 minutes )
- Stowed clear of other survival craft.
Requirements –
- Length not less than 3.8 meters and not more than 8.5 meters.
- Capable of carrying at least 5 seated persons and 1 lying down.
Additional equipment –
- One buoyant line of 50 meter length for towing purpose.
- Two buoyant rescue quoits with 30 meter line
- Efficient radar reflector or SART.
- Water proof 1st aid kit
- TPA for 10 % or 2 of the total capacity
- A search light
- Walkie talkie
Muster and drills:
- Boats and fire drill once a month
- Within 24 hours of vessel leaving port if more than 25 % of crew have not participated in a drill in the previous month
- Passenger ships : muster within 24 hours of embarkation
Training manuals:
Bridge, engine room, crew mess room, officers mess room.
- Lifeboats launched and manoeuvred in water once every 3 months, during a drill.
- Free fall life boats: if impracticable to launch every 3 months then should be davit lowered every 3 months, provided that the life boat is free fall launched at once in 6 months.
- Rescue boats : launched and manoeuvred once a month in any case once every 3 months
- Use of LSA and FFA to be given to new crew as soon as joining or within 2 weeks.
- Individual instructions on all LSA within 2 months
- Use of davit launched life rafts within 4 months
Maintenance and inspection
Lifeboat falls:
- Turned end for end at intervals not more than 30 months ( 2 ½ years )
- Renewed not more than 5 years unless required earlier.
Weekly inspections :
- All survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances inspected visually
- Engines of life boats and rescue boats run ahead and astern for not less than 3 minutes
- General emergency alarm ( if not done daily )
Monthly inspections:
- All LSA, lifeboats and rescue boat equipment using checklist provided.
- Report logged
Servicing of life rafts and HRU (life jackets inflatable, rescue boats inflatable)
- Every 12 months can be extended for additional 5 months but not more.
- Disposable HRU’s ( HAMAR) 2 years life cycle.
Passenger vessels engaged in short international voyages:
- Life boats for at least 30 % of passenger + life rafts for remaining.
- In addition – life rafts for at least 25 % of passenger’s
Passenger ships engaged in international voyages additional requirements:
- Lifeboats: partially or totally enclosed life boats for 50 % of total complement on each side.
- Life rafts may be substituted for boats but boats capacity should never be less than 37.5% of the total compliment
- Rafts must be davit launched
- In addition life rafts for 25 % of the compliment
- Rescue boat: one on each side.
Cargo ships additional requirements:
- Lifeboats one or more totally enclosed on each side for 100 % of compliment.
- Life rafts to accommodate total no of persons on board if not readily transferable for launching on either side of ship, total capacity on each side for 100 % of compliment.
- If free fall life boat, then life rafts on each side for 100 % of compliment and at least one side of ship to have davit launched rafts.
Vessel less than 85 meter in length:
- Life raft on each side for 100 % complement – if life rafts are not readily transferable then additional life rafts to be provided so that total capacity on each side = 150 % of complement.
- Rescue boat can be counted for crew.
- Where survival craft are stowed in a position which is more than 100 meter from stern or stem, she shall carry additional life raft ( 6 person) forward or aft as practicable.
- Such life rafts are manually operated.
Marking on life rafts:
- Name and port of registry of ship ( not on container)
- Makers name or trade mark
- Serial number
- Name of approving authority
- Capacity
- SOLAS
- Type of emergency pack ( A ~ B )
- Length of painter
- Drop test height ( maximum stowage height above water level)
- Launching instructions and last service date
- Life rafts : capable of staying afloat for a period of 30 days in all sea conditions
- Weak link breaking strain 2.2 ± 0.4 kn.
- HRU automatic release of life raft @ depth of 4 meter.
- Life boat engines: capable of running to provide a speed of 6 knots for a period of 24 hours – shall have a sufficient fuel to last 24 hours.
- To be capable of carrying a life raft of 25 person with full compliment and equipment with a speed of 2 knots.
Marking on the life boats:
- Dimensions
- Capacity
- Name and port of registry of vessel on each side of bow
- Lifeboat number on each side of bow and also on top of boat to identify from air.
- Retro reflective tape all round at intervals of 12”
Fire protected life boats:
Capable of protecting the persons inside when enveloped in a continuos fire for not less than 8 minutes
Self contained air supply:
To provide breathable air with engines running for a period not less than 10 minutes pressure not less than outside atmospheric pressure and not more than 20 mbs above the outside atmospheric pressure.
Line throwing apparatus:
- Capable of throwing a line with reasonable accuracy
- Have not less than 4 projectiles each capable of carrying the line at least 230 mm in calm weather.
- Include not less than 4 lines of breaking strength 2 Kn.
- Instructions and diagrams on separation ( pains wessex ) ( schermuly )
Pyrotechnics in life boats and rescue boat and life rafts:
- 6 hand flares
- 4 rocket parachutes
- 2 buoyant smoke floats Hand flares:
- Contained in water tight casing
- Instructions and diagram on operating procedure
- Burn bright red colour
- Burning period not less than 1 minute ( 10 seconds in water – submerged 100 meter below water
Rocket Parachute flares:
- Contained in water tight casing
- Instructions and diagram on operation procedure
- Reach an altitude of 300 meter ( fixed vertically) and eject paraflare
- Burn bright red colour not less than 30000 candelas
- Burning period not less than 40 seconds descent not more than 5 meter/ second
- Contained in water tight casing
- Instructions and diagram on operation procedure
- Emit smoke of highly visible colour (orange) for not less than 3 minutes in calm water. No flame.
- Not suspended in sea way (smoke for 10 seconds if submerged in water)
Certificates and documents required to be carried on board ships:
All ships (validity of certificates):
- Certificate of registry: 5 years
- International loadline certificate: 5 years
- Intact stability: life long
- International tonnage certificate: life long
- Deratting or de-ratting exemption certificate: 6 months
- Oil record book: to be kept on board for 3 years
- Cargo ship safety construction certificate: 5 years
- Cargo ship equipment certificate: 2 years
- Cargo ship safety radio certificate: 1 year
- D.O.C. with for ships carrying dangerous cargo: 5 years
For passenger ships: including no 1 to no 10 and also
Passenger ship safety certificate: 1 year
For ships carrying liquid cargo in bulk: including no 1 to 12 and also
- International oil pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxious liquids in bulk (NLS certificate) validity: 5 years
- Cargo record book validity: kept for 3 years
- Certificate of fitness for carriage of dangerous chemicals/liquefied gasses in bulk validity: 5 years
- Grain stability booklet for grain carriers (document of authorisation for grain carriage)
- International oil pollution prevention (IOPP) 5 yrs
- Certificate of insurance of other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution (CLC)
- Noise survey report
- Ship board oil pollution emergency plan ( SOPEP) vessels response to pollution prevention (VRPP)
- For oil tankers equal to or more than 100 GRT
- Other ships equal to or more than 400 GRT
Under ISM Code:
- Document of compliance issued for every company complying with the ISM code copy of certificate to be held on ship
- Safety management certificate issued for every ship complying with ISM ( also company must comply = DOC)
About cargo stowage:
Weight / area of cargo = loading expression in t/m2
If cargo = 30 t maximum loading of deck = 2.5 t/m2
Then minimum area over which the weight must be spread = 30/2.5 = 12 m2
And therefore use good dunnage and safer to add 5 % to the weight when calculating the area.
Go through-
- Hanging of anchor.
- Clearing foul hawse.
- All moors. Advantages and disadvantages.
ON BOARD SAFETY
THE DUTIES OF A SAFETY OFFICER
- Endeavour to ensure that the provisions of the Code of Safe Working Practices are complied with.
- Endeavour to ensure that the employer’s occupational health and safety policies are complied with.
- investigate (1) every accident required to be notified by the Merchant Shipping Act (2) every dangerous occurrence (3) all potential hazards to occupational health and safety, and make recommendations to the master to prevent the recurrence of an accident or to remove the hazard.
- Investigate all complaints by crew members concerning occupational health and safety.
- Carry out occupational health and safety inspections of each accessible part of the ship at least once every three months.
- Make representations and, where appropriate, recommendations to the master (and through him to the company) about any deficiency in the ship with regard to (1) any legislative requirement relating to occupational health and safety (2) any relevant M notices (3) any provision of the Code of Safe Working Practices
- Ensure so far as possible that safety instructions, rules, and guidance are complied with.
- Maintain a record book describing all the circumstances and details of all accidents and dangerous occurrences, and of all other procedures required by his duties, and to make the records available for inspection by appropriate personnel.
- Stop any work which he reasonably believes may case a serious accident and inform the appropriate personnel.
- Carry out the requirements of the safety committee.
INSPECTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY A SAFETY OFFICER
- Are means of access to the are under inspection in a safe condition, well lit, and unobstructed?
- Are fixtures and fittings over which seamen might trip or which project particularly overhead, thereby causing potential hazards, suitably painted or marked?
- Are all guard-rails in place, secure, and in good condition?
- Are lighting levels adequate?
- Is ventilation adequate?
- Is machinery adequately guarded where necessary?
- Are permits to work used when necessary?
- Is the level of supervision adequate, particularly for inexperienced crew?
The investigation of accidents and dangerous occurrences will be an important part of the safety officer’s duties. The actual reporting of an accident will be carried out by the master but it is the statutory duty of the Safety officer to investigate the incident and to assist the master to complete the accident report form.
Crew < 16 : one safety representative may be elected by the officers and ratings;
Crew > 15 : one safety representative may be elected by the officers and one safety
representative may be elected by the ratings.
ROLE OF THE SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE
The safety representative has powers but no duties
- Participate in any of the inspection or investigations conducted by the Safety Officer, provided that the latter agrees to such participation.
- Undertake similar inspections or investigations himself, providing that notification of such activities has been given to the master.
- On behalf of the crew on matters affecting occupational health and safety (1) consult with the master and the Safety Officer and make recommendations to them, including recommendations to the master, ‘that any work which the safety rep believes may cause an accident should be suspended’ (2) make representation through the master to the employer (3) request through the safety committee an investigation by the Safety Officer of any such matter.
- Inspect any of the Safety Officer’s records.
- Employer appoints a Safety Committee
- Safety Committees are mandatory on any ship which has elected safety representatives.
- The membership of the committee must include the master as chairman, the Safety Officer, and every safety representative.
THE DUTIES OF SAFETY COMMITTEE
- Ensure that the provision of the Code of Safe Working Practices are complied with.
- Improve the standard of safety consciousness among the crew.
- Make representations and recommendations on behalf of the crew to the employer.
- Inspect any of the Safety Officer’s records.
- Ensure the observance of the employer’s occupational health and safety policies.
- Consider and take any appropriate action in respect of any occupational health and safety matters affecting the crew.
- Keep a record of all proceedings.
METHODS FOR IMPROVING & MAINTAINING SAFETY AWARENESS
- Films:- screening of safety movies
- Posters:- bringing particular dangers to the attention of the crew members
- Publications:- safety publications, safety on ships, personal survival at sea, etc.
- Informal talks:- talking to sections of the crew to bring awareness
- Maintenance of safety equipment:- involving as many people as possible in the maintenance of safety equipment’s.
- Fire patrols:- particular attention to be paid to patrolling the accommodations between 2300 hours and 0600 hours.
- Marine safety cards:- these cards highlight particular dangers on board ship.
- Accident records:- details of accidents should be posted on notice boards as an accident prevention aid.
- Days without accident board:- post notices stating the number of days since the occurrence of the last accident.
- Safety quiz:- open to individual with a suitable prize being awarded.
- ‘Permit to work’ system:- importance of strict compliance with the permit should be emphasised.
All ships should have an updated fire wallet containing
1. A general arrangement plan
2. A ventilation plan
3. A shell expansion plan in case it will be necessary to cut through the ships side
4. A plan of the fire fighting equipment
5. Electrical data
6. Stability data due to the dangers of free surface another effects
7. A cargo plan with any dangerous cargo being specifically mentioned
8. Location of watertight doors and fire resistant partitions
9. Any drilling machines and special equipment that the vessel carries
The senior fire officer should be presented with the wallet and may also require the following
information
1. The exact location of the fire and the chances of it spreading to other compartments
2. Contents of db’s or deeptanks in the vicinity
3. What the ship’s staff are doing and how many pumps and hoses are in operation
4. If any fixed firefighting installation is in operation
5. The state of cargo operation
6. The condition of fuel oil, ballast and fresh water tanks
7. The ship’s communication systems
8. The number of people on board
9. Any peculiarities of the ship’s design
FIRE IN PORT (ACTION)
- Raise the alarm
- Tackle fire by convention means immediately
- Master on bridge (informed)
- Head count taken for casualties
- Stop cargo work
- All non essential persons off ship (head count with foreman/stevedore)
- I will bring in the brigade
- Open communication by vhf
- On tankers use of fire wires/tugs for casting off
****** if u.k.c less than 1/9th of the draught then cannot flood hold for fire fighting
****** man on gangway stationed with fire plan and international shore coupling
****** pulling out man with b.a set
1) if run out of air
2) if run out of fire fighting medium
FIRE AT SEA (TYPICAL E/ROOM FIRE)
1. Raise the alarm
2. Master on the bridge and take the con
3. Engine room standby
4. A/co to reduce draft in vessel (or) slow ship down
5. Weather reports, position, open up communication urgency signal (**passenger vessel distress signal)
6. Isolate electrical unit, commence boundary cooling
7. Tackle fire by conventional means immediately
8. B.A set in pairs (c/o not to enter as he monitors progress and communication with the bridge)
FIRE OUT OF CONTROL
1. Mate recommends withdraw and go to co2
2. Master – accepts (c/eng, c/o to co2 room and inject co2)
3. Evacuate e/room, head count
4. Shut down fuel, boiler, fans
***** emc’y stop box in alleyway main deck
5. If any person missing
6. Hold co2 order for search carry out
7. Once search carried out inject co2
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE
1. Evacuate all personnel
2. Batten down and seal ventilation
3. Stop all fans, fuel supply and boilers
4. Sound audible and visual alarm
LIMITATION OF SYSTEM
1. Once used no replenishment at sea
2. Isolation necessary (asphyxiation)
3. No inspection to observe results
AFTER FLOODING
1. Boundary cooling always on
2. Monitor temperature and graph it
3. When temperature starts dipping
4. Pair search for assessing situation (3/0, 2 eng)
5. Delay situation for second opinion (2/0, c/eng)
6. Wait (incase eminent to leave sight) open up ventilation, go in with fire fighting equipment
7. Tug (for extensive damage) : salvage
ENCLOSED SPACES (PERMIT TO WORK)
- Permit to work form must be used for any jobs which might be hazardous.
- It states work to be done and safety precautions.
- Safety instructions are written down and given to persons associated with the job.
- The permit should contain a checklist to identify and eliminate hazards plus arrangements for emergency procedures in case of any accidents.
- The permit should be issued by a responsible officer and must ensure that all checks have been properly carried out and signed only when he is satisfied that it is safe to work.
An enclosed space will include cargo tank, ballast tank, cofferdam, bunker tank, fresh water tank, duct keel etc., which may contain toxic vapours or insufficient oxygen to support life.
No one must enter an enclosed space without first obtaining permission from the Proper Officer.
Before making entry the following to be checked and approved by the Master.
1. Spaces to be visited.
2. Names of all personnel entering.
3. Details of communication system.
4. Anticipated time of completion of entry.
5. A proper communication system using portable VHF sets. ( communications to be effective between the OOW on the bridge and the person immediately outside the space).
O2 Analyser – oxygen deficiency
Explosimeter – measures explosive limits
Tank Scope – measures oxygen in inert atmosphere
Dragger Tubes – measures oxygen if correct tube fitted (also measures the presence of various toxic gases).
VENTILATION’S
- Ventilation (either forced or natural) to be carried out before entry is permitted.
- If forced ventilation is used then minimum of two air changes must take place.
- If potentially dangerous spaces allow for between 10-20 air changes per hour.
- If natural ventilation is only available space must be allowed to “breathe” for atleast 24 hours prior entry.
- Full ventilation may be ensured by filling the tank with clean sea water and pumping out to ensure fresh air enters the space. (This should be coupled by forced ventilation).
- No one must enter a cargo pumproom without the permission of the Proper Officer.
REQUIREMENT FOR ENTRY INTO PUMPROOM
- A permanently rigged rescue line and harness should be at the top of all cargo and transfer pumprooms (part of life saving appliance) (SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE).
- No fixed equipment fitted in the pumproom should be operated if the gas LEL is in excess of 40%.
- Gas generation caused by oil in bilge’s may be reduced/minimised by spreading a layer of foam over the pumproom bilge’s.
- Permission has been obtained from a Senior Officer.
- Ventilation should be provided for at least 15 minutes and remains in use throughout the period of entry.
- Means of communication must be established.
- Lifeline and Harness is ready for immediate use.
- A competent person is standby on top of the pumproom to call for assistance.
- Advice the officer of entry and exit.
- Obtain explosimeter reading from the Bottom platform that it is free of toxic vapours along with regular checks (incase of maintenance works)
- At least one compressed B.A set is ready for immediate use on top. (in case of maintenance works)
- Additional B.A set is ready for use close at work. (incase of maintenance works)
- Have resuscitation equipment ready for immediate use close at work. (incase of maintenance works).
- Chief Officer should personally supervise incase of an emergency.
THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF AIR IS 21%. IF THE LEVEL FALLS TO APPROXIMATELY 17% THE ATMOSPHERE IS UNSAFE.
SAMPLE OF AN ENTRY PERMIT FORM
- Has the permission been obtained from the Chief Officer?
- Is the tank clean?
- Is the tank pressurised?
- Has the tank been inert, then gas-freed?
- Does the tank atmosphere contain at least 21% oxygen?
- Is the hydraulic cargo system shut down?
- Is the tank isolated from the inert gas main?
- Have notices been placed at tank hatches?
- Have notices been placed at the inert gas isolating valves?
- Have notices been placed on the cargo control?
- Is fresh air being supplied to the tank?
- Is one man stationed at the cargo tank hatch?
- Is breathing apparatus and a lifeline available?
MEANS OF ACCESS
Every ship of 30 metres or more registered length – there is carried on board the ship a GANGWAY which is appropriate to the deck layout, size, shape and maximum freeboard of the ship. In every ship of 120 metres or more registered length – there is carried on board the ship a ACCOMMODATION LADDER which is appropriate to the deck layout, size, shape and maximum freeboard of the ship.
CHECKS FOR SAFE MEANS OF ACCESS
1. Accommodation Ladder is capable of being operated safely in a horizontal position and does not exceed an angle of 55 with the steps horizontal. (Except where specifically designed for greater angles).
2. In case of a Gangway is capable of being operated safely in a horizontal position and does not exceed an angle of 30 with the steps horizontal. (Except where specifically designed for greater angles).
3. The access equipment which is used is properly rigged, secured and safe to use.
4. Access equipment and immediate access thereto are adequately illuminated.
5. Equipment used is of good construction, sound material, free from defects and properly maintained.
6. Safety nets in place and properly secured.
7. Life buoy with self activating light and also a separate safety line attached to a quoit or some similar device is provided ready for use at the point of access aboard the ship.
8. The bottom platform is horizontal to the key and the roller is free to move.
9. All the sheaves and running parts of the gangway are rust free and properly greased.
10. Gangway and other access equipment should not be rigged on ship’s rails unless the rail has been reinforced for that purpose
PLANNED MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
1. The plan must be adaptable to various weather conditions.
2. The plan must be flexible so that changes of orders or cargoes do not upset it unduly
3. The length of voyages, routes and trades that the vessel is involved in must be considered.
4. The maintenance of safety equipment and emergency team training should be integrated with the overall maintenance plan.
5. The plan should be constructed so that the appropriate equipment is bought up to optimum condition for statutory and classifications surveys.
6. Dry-docking and repair period should be integrated with the plan.
7. Manufactures advice should be complied with and all manufactures maintenance logs should be completed.
8. The plan should include the availability of appropriate equipment for breakdown maintenance due to unforeseen circumstances.
9. Provisions should be made for spare part replacements due to wear and tear maintenance. There should also be a method for ordering spares as soon as replacement items are used.
10. The plan must be carefully thought out, well controlled, and an efficient recording system must be kept up to date.
PLANNED MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
(a) short term maintenance
weekly inspection and greasing (when possible)
- winches and windlasses
- oil baths, if any, in winches and windlasses
- wheels on steel hatch covers
- door hinges on mast houses
- ventilation system flaps and ventilators
- cleats on external weathertight doors
- anchor securing arrangements
- booby hatches to cargo holds
- sounding and air pipes
- fairleads, rollers
- derrick heels
fortnightly inspection and greasing
- accommodation ladder and gangway
- lifeboat falls and blocks
- davit pivot points
- fire hydrants and monitors
- fire hose box hinges
- quick release gear on bridge wing life buoys
- all life buoys
- liferaft securing arrangements
- securing bolts on international shore connection
- steel hatch cross joints and quick acting cleats
- hatch gypsy drive wheels and followers
- hatch contractor panel fuses, electric cables and connections, motor heaters
- all external butterfly nuts
- all external electric cables and deck lighting arrangements
monthly inspection and greasing where necessary
- life boat falls for broken strands
- co2 cylinders in gang release system
- fire detection systems
- breathing apparatus and associated equipment
- ladders on masts and ventilation posts
- radar mast rigging
- fire gauze
- freeing ports
- scuppers
- hatchway non return valves
- ship side guard rails
(b) long term maintenance
three monthly inspection and/or overhaul
- all cargo gear
- navigation light connections
- hold ventilation systems
six monthly inspection and/or overhaul
- cargo winches
- strip all mooring rollers
- fresh water tanks
- all running gear, strip blocks and derricks
- cofferdams and void spaces
- forepeak and afterpeak
- remove ventilator cowls and grease the coaming test dampers flaps and locking screws
- hold equipment such as spar ceiling, limberboards, double bottoms, manholes, wells bilge’s strum boxes
- derust and repaint derricks
- end for end lifeboat falls
- watertight seals on hatchways
- loosen spare anchor securing bolts, lubricate all anchor parts and re-secure
- rotational cleaning and painting of store rooms, alleyways, cabins and mess rooms
- strip the windlass and aft mooring winch
- standing rigging
(c) operational maintenance
to be carried out when necessary
- anchor cable marking
- check mooring ropes and wires before and after use
- all gantlines before being used on stages
- pilot ladder and hoists, gangways, accommodation ladders and associated equipment before and after use
- check anchor and cables stowed properly
- test fire fighting appliance before entering port
- test manual and emergency steering arrangements before entering coastal waters
- cargo securing arrangemets
- all cargo gears and hatch closing arrangements before and after use
- check hydraulic oil in any system
- fumigate and spray holds as necessary
CARGO HANDLING GEAR
Lifting gear should be tested by a ‘competent person’
- After installation
- After any major repairs
- Every 5 years
Lifting appliance are usually given a static test using a proof load or dynamometer (static test)
Proof load always exceeds the SWL (safe working load) by a given percentage or weight.
Code Of Safe Working Practices states that ‘a mass in excess of SWL should not be lifted unless’:
- A test is required
- The weight of the load is known and is the appropriate proof load
- The lift is a straight lift by a single appliance
- The lift is supervised by the competent person who would normally supervise a test
and carry out a thorough examination
- The competent person specifies in writing that the lift is appropriate in weight and
other respects to act as a test of the plant, and agrees to the detailed plan for the lift
- No person is exposed to danger.
Lifting plant must be ‘thoroughly examined’ by a competent person (Chief Officer)
- After testing
- At least once every 12 months
A ‘through examination’ means a detailed examination by a competent person, supplemented by stripping the gear down for inspection if this is judged necessary
CERTIFICATES AND REPORTS
A ‘REGISTER OF SHIP’S LIFTING APPLIANCE AND CARGO HANDLING GEAR’ should be kept on board for inspection.
This register should contain:
- The certificates of test together with reports of thorough examination.
- Items of loose gear such as blocks, schakles, bridles, etc., should be identifiable by
a number stamped on the item and recorded on the certificate.
- Where a lifting appliance is tested, the SWL and proof load are recorded together
with the identity and status of the ‘competent person’.
- Details of regular inspections of loose gear by a suitable person should also be
reocrded as well as details of defects found and repairs effected.
CONDEM A WIRE – IN ANY 8 DIAMETER WHEN 10% OF THE WIRES ARE BROKEN
FOR STANDING RIGGING – STEEL WIRE ROPE (6 x 6 WPS)
FOR RUNNING RIGGING – FLEXIBLE STEEL WIRE ROPE (6 x 12/18/24 WPS)
EXTRA FLEXIBLE STEEL WIRE ROPE (6 x 36 WPS)
{EXTRA FLEXIBLE STEEL WIRE ROPE HAS A FIBRE CORE FOR LUBRICATION AND FLEXIBILITY}
[WPS – WIRES PER STRANDS]
BREAKING STRESS (BS) = 20 D2/500 SWL = BS/6
UNION PURCHASE SWL = 1/3 SWL OF SINGLE DERRICK
SAFE ANGLE BETWEEN RUNNERS = 90 (120 OCCASIONAL LIFTING)
RIGGING PLANS
1. Position and size of deck eye plates
2. Position of inboard and outboard booms
3. Maximum head room (i.e. permissible height of cargo hook above hatch coaming)
4. Maximum angle between runners
5. Position, size and SWL of blocks
6. Length size and SWL of runners, topping lifts, guys and preventers
7. SWL of shackles
8. Position of derricks producing maximum forces
9. Optimum position for guys and preventers to resist such maximum forces
10. Combined diagram showing forces for a load of 1 tonne or the SWL
11. Guidance on the maintenance of the derrick rig.
OVERHAULING THE DERRICK HEEL GOOSE NECK
If possible this operation should be carried out when the vessel is at anchor.
Before starting the job a temporary secure crutch for the derrick heel should be made so that the derrick is not left suspended on the lifting tackle.
1. Securely lash the derrick head in its crutch
2. Remove and overhaul the derrick heel block
3. Secure a purchase of appropriate SWL to a suitable position on the mast or Samson post and the derrick. A direct lift can often be obtained over the derrick heel by unshipping the derrick topping lift block and securing the purchase by a strap to the heel of the derrick
4. Lubricate and remove the vertical and horizontal pivot bolt nuts
5. Heave tight on the lifting purchase and take the weight of the derrick.
6. Lubricate, free and remove the pivot bolts. (A gentle tapping with the hammer may be necessary to dislodge the bolts
7. Unship the derrick heel and secure it in the temporary crutch
8. Clean all surfaces thoroughly and check all parts for signs of wear or hair cracks. Particular attention should be paid to the bolts.
9. Thoroughly lubricate all areas and re-assemble the goose neck are to its operational condition.
PRECAUTION WHEN LOADING A HEAVY LIFT
1. Ensure stability of vessel is adequate and maximum heel is acceptable. (Eliminate free surface) (large GM small Heel)(monitor practically during operation via inclinometer)
2. Rig extra mast stays as necessary.
3. Carefully check condition of derrick and gear before use. (Ensure free rotation of sheaves. Oil and grease as necessary. Ensure SWL of all gear adequate and have valid test certificates)
4. Rig fenders as necessary
5. Ensure all moorings taut and have men standby to tend as necessary
6. Put winches in double gear (for slow operation)
7. Clear area of the deck where the weight is to be landed of all obstructions and lay heavy dunnage to spread load.
8. Check ship’s data to ensure deck is strong enough to support load. (Deck load capacity plan)
9. Clear are of all but essential personnel
10. Ensure winch drivers competent and fully aware of who is to give directions.
11. Secure steadying lines to corners of loads
12. Remove rails if possible
13. Cast off any barges alongside
14. Inform all relevant personnel before lift begins
15. Raise gangway before lift commences
16. Use lifting points – otherwise sling it, using dunnage for sharp corners
17. Set tight steam guys before lifting
18. When all ready take weight slowly then stop and inspect all around before lifting further.
VESSEL LAID-UP JOIN AS C/O HAVE TO USE LIFTING GEAR PROCEDURE
1. Consult rigging plan
2. Or manufactures instruction
3. Rig derrick accordingly
4. Bring in a surveyor.
LATERAL DRAG (LOADING A HEAVY LIFT ON TO A TRUCK)
SIMULTANEOUSLY COME BACK ON THE TOPPING LIFTS AND LIFTING PURCHASE TO KEEP THE PLUMBLINE INTACT.
DRY DOCKING
1. All hatches and beams stowed (to give continuity of strength)
2. Derrick and cranes down (to counteract roll)
3. Eliminate free surface
4. Adequate stability check (adequate GM to counteract the rise in ‘G’ due to ‘P’ force)
5. Consultation of draft and trim (on advice of the drydock manager)
6. Sound round all tanks
7. Security lock-up spaces
8. Lock-up toilets
9. Rig fenders
10. Dry-dock plan and shell expansion plans for shore positions
11. Obtain facilities:- water, power, bonding, access and garbage disposal
12. Sound round on the blocks
13. Prepare a repair list (to allow cost/time estimates. Allows officer to monitor and protect owners interest
****DRYDOCK PLAN:- shows underwater appendages, hog, echo sounders, bilge keels, stabilisers and condensers.
****SHELL EXPANSION PLANS:- shows positions, frame numbers from aft and keel upward, remove shores/keel blocks in way of damaged areas.
REPAIR AND DRY-DOCK LISTS
(a) standard items
1. Hull cleaning, surface preparation, painting
2. Inspection and overhaul of anchors and cables, including ranging and marking
3. Inspection cleaning and painting of cable lockers
4. Pugs to be taken from all bottom and peak tanks (the plugs to be labelled and retained by the chiefofficer and replaced before the dock is flooded)
5. All sea valves and sea chests to be inspected overhauled and painted
6. Inspection and overhaul and load test of all lifting appliances
7. All tanks holds compartments and their closing appliance to be inspected and overhauled
8. Inspection overhaul and load test of all lifting appliances
9. All anodes to be inspected the location and weight or size to be ascertained
10. Survey of ship’s bottom (known as sighting the bottom) to be conducted.
(b) repair items
1. Renewal of piping
2. Cargo-handling equipment
3. Hatch-closing arrangements
4. Bulkhead leaks
5. Hull structure damage
6. Replacement of ships side rails
7. Instrumentation and control equipment refurbishing
8. Electric cables
9. Heavy weather damage
10. Overhaul of fire fighting and life saving appliance
(c) modification items
1. Fire fighting systems such as foam or carbon dioxide
2. Fire detection system
3. New piping and structural arrangements (e.g. Segregated ballast system)
4. Inert gas systems
5. Life-saving appliances arrangements
6. Conversions or restructuring in order to comply with any new mandatory equipment requirements
LOG BOOK ENTRIES
entering
1. Time stern clears gates (gates closed)
2. Pumping commenced
3. Lines ashore forward and aft
4. Time of touching the blocks
5. Time all SEWN on blocks
6. Time gangway walkable
7. Vessel certified gas free
8. Dock draining completed
9. Note details of special shores/blocks
10. Utilities connected
coming out
- Time flooding commenced (to be after the time of signing the “Authority to Flood” certificate)
DRY-DOCK PERIOD :- NORMALLY DOCKED EVERY 2 YEARS
DOCKING WITH CARGO ON BOARD :- CARGO PLAN REQUIRED, ADDITIONAL SHORES/BLOCKS PLACED UNDER UNSUPPORTED CARGO HOLDS
INSPECTING THE FOREPEAK TANKS ON NEW BUILDING OR BEFORE LEAVING THE DRY DOCK
‘Dangerous Space’ procedures should be observed
1. Check that no rungs are missing from any ladders
2. As many welds as possible should be checked
3. Inspect any protective coating and ensure that areas which are difficult to reach have been adequately covered
4. If sacrificial anodes have been fitted check the position of anodes agree with the plans and that the anodes are secure
5. Ensure that the sounding pipe is correctly located and that the striker plate has been fitted (have a sounding rod lowered through the pipe and view it touches the striker plate)
6. Check that the drain is correctly located and in the position indicated on the plan
7. Check that the air pipes and filling pipes have been fitted with appropriate plugs
8. Make sure that all loose equipment and shipyard rubbish has been removed
9. The pumping arrangement should be given a thorough inspection
- The chief officer should be present with the surveyor at the ‘Tank Test’. (extension pieces are fitted to the filling pipes and the tank slowly filled until a head of 8 feet or 2.45 m above the top of the tank is obtained. Bulkheads cofferdams watertight seals on the manhole covers and all areas adjacent to the forepeak should be checked for leaks. The water in the tank then should be dropped to the operational level.)
DANGEROUS GOODS
No dangerous good shall be loaded unless the shipper has provided a dangerous good declaration.
The declarations must give
- the correct technical name of the goods
- the identity of the goods
- the UN number if applicable
- the class in which the goods belong
In addition the shipper must supply the following written information where appropriate:
- the number and type of packages
- the gross weight of the consignment
- the net weight of the explosive content of class 1 goods
- the flash point if 61 C or below.
If goods are packed into a container or vehicle the vessel must be given a packing certificate for the container or vehicle.
A stowage plan must be made which gives information noted above and also the location of where the goods are stowed.
CLASSES OF IMDG
CLASS 1 Explosives
CLASS 2 Gases compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure
2.1 Flammable gases
2.2 Non flammable gases, being compresses, liquefied or dissolved but neither flammable nor poisonous
2.3 Poisonous gases
CLASS 3 Flammable liquids
3.1 Low flash point
3.2 Intermediate flash point
3.3 High flash point
CLASS 4.1 Flammable solids
CLASS 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
CLASS 4.3 Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases
CLASS 5.1 Oxidising substances
CLASS 5.2 Organic peroxides
CLASS 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) substances
CLASS 6.2 Infectious substances
CLASS 7 Radioactive substances
CLASS 8 Corrosives
CLASS 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances which presto a danger not covered by other classes
Goods must be packed in accordance with the IMDG code.
The following requirement shall be complied with
- The package must be clearly marked with the correct technical name of the goods and an indication must be given as to the dangers which could arise during the transportation of the goods
- The markings must comply with the IMDG code
- If the outer material of the package will survive three months immersion the marking must be durable
- If the outer material will not survive three months any inner receptacles which will survive three months must be durably marked
- If the goods are carried in a container or similar unit, then that unit must have distinctive labels on the exterior which comply with the IMDG code class label system
CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS ON BOARD A PASSENGER VESSEL
No explosive can be transported on a ship carrying more than 12 passengers except:
- Safety explosives
- Any explosive the net weight of which is 10 kg or under
- Distress signals up to a total weight of 1000 kg
- Fireworks which are unlikely to explode violently.
No dangerous goods should be allowed on board any vessel carrying more than 25 passengers
IMDG CODE
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code is published by the IMO in five volumes. The code lays down certain basic principles concerning the transportation of dangerous goods
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR SHIP CARRYING DANGEROUS GOODS
This is an IMO publication which gives information concerning the safety, first aid, and emergency procedures to be followed and action to be taken in the event of an incident involving certain dangerous goods.
The Emergency Schedules (EmS) are divided into five sections
- Group title with the emergency schedule number (EmS No)
- Special equipment required
- Emergency procedures
- Emergency action
- First aid
GENERAL FIRE PRECAUTIONS WHEN CARRYING DANGEROUS GOODS
- Reject any damaged or leaking packages
- Packages should be stowed in a location which ensures protection from accidental damage or heating
- Combustible material should be kept away from ignition sources
- Goods must be segregated from substances liable to start or to spread fires
- It may be necessary to ensure accessibility of dangerous goods so that packages in the vicinity of a fire may be protected or moved to safety
- Enforce prohibition of smoking in dangerous areas
- Post ‘No Smoking’ signs or symbols
- All electrical fittings and cables must be in good condition and safe guarded against short circuits and sparking
- All ventilators must have spark arrestors of suitable wire mesh.
PREPARATION WHEN PROCEEDING TO A DISTRESS
- Prepare hospital to receive casualties
- Plot rendezvous position and possible search pattern
- Stand by communication officer and establish communication
- Pass own position and details with relevant search and rescue operation update to RCC
- Prepare rescue boat and emergency crew
- Obtain current weather situation
- Highlight navigational dangers to own ship
- Maintain own ship at operational status
- Navigate on manual steering
- Obtain update on target information
- Note activities in log book
- Maintain internal and external communication
- Brief operational personnel’s. (OOW, boat coxswain)
- Rig ‘Guest Wrap’
- Plot position and prevailing currents estimate drift
- Post look-outs high as area is entered
- Provide information to engine room advice on standby manoeuvring speed
- Radar operational at various ranges, long range scanning and plotting on going
- Advise owners agents and reschedule ETA
- Update RCC/MRCC
- Position of anchoring defined
- Depth of water and amount of cable
- State of tide HW/LW, rise of tide
- Type of holding ground
- Prevailing weather and shelter
- Underwater obstructions
- Rate of current
- Swinging room from surface objects
- Length of time vessel intend to stay
- Ships draft and UKC
- Use of 1 or 2 anchors
- Proximity of other shipping
- Local hazards outfalls etc.
- Current weather and expected
- Position fixing method
- Distance from shore by launch
- Types of anchors and holding power
- Wind direction
- Speed of approach
- Night or day signals
MANAGEMENT OF OWN VESSEL IN HEAVY WEATHER
- Verify vessels position and consider re routeing
- Update weather report and plot storm movement
- STABILITY:- avoid slack tanks and eliminate free surface
- Rig life lines Fwd and Aft
- Warn all departments of heavy weather
- Close up deck vents, remove cowls
- Check cargo lashing:- heavy lifts, deck cargo, hazardous cargo
- Check deck securing, anchors, life-boats, water-tight doors
- Secure all derricks and cranes
- Batten down all dead lights (steering flat)
- Clear all deck of surplus gear
- Slacken of signal and whistle halyards
- Remove all awnings
- Drain swimming pools
- Establish heavy weather work routine
- Check securing on accommodation ladder
- Secure bridge against heavy rolling/pitching
- Reduce speed in ample time to avoid pounding
- Organise meal relief’s and watches
- Update position and pass to shore station (AMVER)
- Free board deck seal check – hatches and tank lids
- Reduce manpower on deck work
- Final checks on LSA gears – bridge rockets etc.
- Note all preparation in the Log Book
- Obtain weather predictions and update reports
- Engage manual steering in ample time
- Revise ETA if appropriate
- Adjust ballast tanks to provide optimum trim
HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
HELICOPTER WORKING (PRECAUTIONS)
- Do not secure any lines passed down
- Do not touch the winch man, stretcher hook/wire until earthed
- Do not fire Rockets or line throwing apparatus in the vicinity of the air craft
- Do not transmit on radio when engaged in winching operations
- Do not direct strong light towards the helicopter at night
******(AVOID WASTING TIME AS AVIATION FUEL CAPACITY IS LIMITED)******
HELICOPTER OPERATION (NAVIGATIONAL REQUIREMENT)
- Alter course towards rendezvous position
- Prepare deck reception
- Establish communication with aircraft
- Display correct navigational sign (RAM)
- Continually monitor own ships position and other traffic
ENGAGEMENTS
- Course altered to pilots instruction
- Maintain maximum manoeuvring speed
- Clear navigational obstructions and obtain sea room
- Display wind indicator
- Engage manual steering
- Log all activities
Employed when
- Exposed rigging
- Rough seas
- Numerous persons
- The aircraft will establish a high hover position clear of all obstruction
- The weighted heaving line is passed down and trailed towards the surface vessel
- The hoist wire will be lowered once the deck crew have obtained hold of the heaving line
- The aircraft will then transverse back to establish visual contact (stbd side air craft – port side vessel)
- Air crew man descends and deck crew party should heave in on the high line
- Aircraft maintains station, air crew men organises double hoist transfer from surface craft
PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HELICOPTER OPERATIONS
- Ensure that all riggings and obstructions about the helicopter landing/transfer area are cleared away
- Secure and stow away any loose items which may become caught with the down draught from helicopter rotor blades
- Check and ensure communication with the deck controlling officer and between the bridge and helicopter
- Muster damage control/fire party close enough to the are of operations as to be available in an emergency
- See that the static hook handler is properly equipped
- Display wind sock or smoke signal
- Observe helicopter operations procedures
- If operating at night ensure adequate lighting without blinding the helicopter pilot
- Display proper lights and shapes throughout operations
EMERGENCIES
SUGGESTED ACTION FOLLOWING COLLISION
- Stop engines and obtain an assessment of the situation. (It may be prudent to maintain a few revolutions on the engines to avoid the other vessel from total flooding and possible sinking when the two vessels separate)
- Sound the emergency signal and carry out a head count (To check complements for casualties)
- Shut all watertight doors and fire doors
- Inform the master as soon as possible
- Communication officer to standby and obtain weather report and position from chart
- Inform engine room and all departments
- Order bilge pumps/ballast pumps to commence pumping if damage is below the waterline
- Switch on deck lights and not under command (NUC) lights and shapes
- Muster damage control parties and detail duties
- Prepare survival crafts and make ready for immediate launch if the situation demands
CHIEF OFFICERS DUTIES FOLLOWING COLLISION
- CHECK THE WATER TIGHT INTEGRITY OF THE SHIP
- MACHINERY SPACE WET OR DRY
- HEAD COUNT (FOR CASUALTIES)
- INVESTIGATE POLLUTION POSSIBILITY
- STANDBY TO RENDER ASSISTANCE
- EXCHANGE INFORMATION WITH MASTER/OFFICER INCHARGE OF THE
OTHER VESSEL (GENERAL PARTICULARS AND PORT OF DEPARTURE
AND DESTINATION)
- REPORT ACCIDENT TO THE MARINE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
BUREAU (MAIB)
- MAKE AND ENTRY IN THE OFFICIAL LOG BOOK
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOWING EMERGENCY
- Distress/Urgency signal
- Exchange information with other vessel
- MAIB
- Company, Owners, Charterers
- AMVER
- Coast Gaurd / MRCC
- Agents (port of refuge)
- Tugs/Towing
- Dry Docking
- Weather reports.
BEACHING is defined as taking the ground intentionally
Carried out for TWO reasons
- To prevent loss of the vessel when damaged below the waterline
- When it is the intention to refloat after watertight integrity is restored
IDEAL choice for BEACHING
- Operation should be carried out in daylight
- Gentle slopping beach
- Free of rock preferably, sheltered with little or no current
- No surf action
- Take on full ballast before beaching (as this will make the operation of refloating easier)
- Approach bow first (unless damage is aft, then stern first) at about 90 to the tide
- Consider letting go the weather anchor first (this would tend to prevent the vessel slewing parallel to the beach)
- Should the vessel have sustained damage aft then a stern first approach would be desirable. In that case it should be made in the form of a Mediterranean moor, letting go both anchors which may be used to heave the vessel off when the time comes
- Antislew wires should be used in conjunction with the anchor
- On taking the ground take on more ballast prevent pounding by driving the vessel on
- Make a complete sound round all tanks together with a complete sound round the vessels hull to find out depth of water
ANTI POLLUTION MEASURES FOLLOWING EMERGENCY
- Plug all scuppers
- Repair damage / leaking areas
- Pump out/discharge surplus to barges or other vessels
- Transfer internally to other tanks
- Organise dispersant chemicals (prior permission to be obtained from local authorities)
- Organise an antipollution barrier
- List/trim vessel to bring damage over water line.
RECOVERY OF A LIFE BOAT IN HEAVY WEATHER
Preparation
- Secure a wire pendant to an accessible point on the davit arm
- Care to be taken and ensure that all the materials used are of sufficient strength to
accept the weight of a fully laden boat
- The boat falls should be retrieved at deck level and the nylon strop schakled to the
linkage of the floating block
Hoisting
- Lower the falls to the boat
- Attach the nylon strop to the lifting hook on the fore and aft of the boat
- Lift the boat off the water and attach the hanging off pendant on top of the nylon strop
on the lifting hook
- This will transfer the weight off the nylon stop on to the hanging off wire pendant
Transferring of weight
- This can be only achieved if the hanging off pendant is long enough to reach the
lifting hook when the floating blocks are hard up at the davit head
- Once this is achieved either cut the strop at the hook or unshackle at the other end
Stowage
- Continue to walk back on the falls
- Connect the falls on to the lifting hook
- Detach the wire pendant at the davit arm and secure boat
- When lowering the boat next time detach the wire pendant from the lifting hook.
CASTING OFF A BOAT WHEN THE PARENT VESSEL IS MAKING WAY
- Once the boat falls has been released and the boat is held on the painter push the tiller toward the ships side
- This action effectively gives the boat a SHEER
- Keep the painter taut until the boat reaches a point of maximum sheer
- Then briefly alter the position of the tiller so that the bow cants inwards towards the parent vessel
- The result of this action will be for the painter to become temporarily slack which will permit its easy slipping
- Push tiller towards the ship side again and gain sea room
PREPARATION FOR A LOAD LINE SURVEY
- Check that all access openings at ends of enclosed structures are in good conditions. All dogs, clamps and hinges to be free and well greased. All gaskets and water-tight seals should be crack free. Ensure that the doors open from both sides
- Check all cargo hatches and access to holds for weather tightness
- Check the efficiency and securing of portable beams
- If portable wooden hatch covers are used check that they are in good condition
- If tarpaulins are used at least two should be provided for each hatch and in good condition
- Inspect all machinery space opening on exposed deck
- Check that any manholes and flush scuttles are capable of being made watertight
- Check that all ventilator openings are provided with efficient weathertight closing appliance
- All airpipe should be provided with satisfactory means for closing and opening
- Inspect any cargo ports below the freeboard deck and ensure that all of them are watertight
- Ensure that non return valves on overboard valves are operating in a satisfactory manner
- Side scuttles and openings below the freeboard deck must have efficient internal watertight deadlights
- Check that all freeing ports are in satisfactory conditions
- All guard-rails and bulwarks should be satisfactory condition
- Derust and paint the deck line, loadline marks, load line and the draught marks
PREPARATION FOR A CARGO SHIP SAFETY EQUIPMENT SURVEY
- Inspect all the lifeboat stores and equipment. Overhaul and renew as necessary
- Inspect the lifeboats pay particular attention to buoyancy material and check that the bottom boards and thwarts are not cracked. Repaint the ship’s name and port of registry
- Thoroughly over haul davits, winches and blocks and grease all moving parts. Renew or ‘end for end’ the falls
- When the boats are in water run any lifeboat engines both ahead and astern
- Check that the inflatable liferafts have been serviced within the last 12 months
- Inspect the survival craft portable radio equipment
- Over haul the lifebuoys especially the self ignighting lights and check that they are correctly located
- Examine the life jackets and check they are correctly distributed
- Check expiry dates of pyrotechnics
- Test the emergency lighting system
- Check fire control plans are posted and still legible
- Test the fire/smoke detection system
- Test and try out the fire pump including the emergency fire pump
- Check fire hoses, nozzles and applicators are in good conditions
- Test and overhaul the fixed firefighting system
- Overhaul portable and non portable fire extinguishers
- Confirm that all remote controls are operable
- Overhaul any applicable closing arrangement for ventilators, skylits, doors, funnel spaces and tunnels
- Overhaul the fireman’s outfit and recharge the compressed air B.A
- Inspect the pilot ladders, pilot hoists if carried
- Navigational equipment is also surveyed
***(CARRY OUT CHECKS AS PER THE RECORD OF INSPECTION FORM ON THE BACK OF THE SEQ CERTIFICATE)***
MARPOL
SPECIAL AREAS FOR DISCHARGE OF OIL
- Mediterranean Sea
- Baltic Sea
- Black Sea
- Red Sea
- Persian Gulf
- Gulf of Aden
- Antarctic Area
REGULATION 9 (ANNEX I)
CONTROL OF DISCHARGE OF OIL
Any discharge of oil into the sea is prohibited except when the following conditions are satisfied:-
For an oil tanker
- The tanker is not within a special area
- The tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land
- The tanker is proceeding en route
- The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed 30 litres per nautical mile
- The total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed for existing tankers 1/15000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part and for new tankers 1/30000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part
- The tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring and control system and a slop tank arrangement
From a ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above other than an oil tanker and from machinery spaces bilge’s excluding pump-room bilge’s of an oil tanker unless mixed with oil cargo residue
- The ship is not within a special area
- The ship is proceeding en route
- The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million
- The ship has in operation a) 400-1000 tons gross tonnage an oil filtering equipment
- above 1000 tons gross tonnage an oil filtering equipment with arrangements for an alarm system and for automatically stopping any discharge of oily mixture when the oil content of the effluent exceeds 15 parts per million
OIL RECORD BOOK
Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above other than an oil tanker shall be provided with an Oil Record Book Part I (Machinery Space Operations).
Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above shall be provided with an Oil Record Book Part II (Cargo/Ballast Operations).
The Oil Record Book shall be completed on each occasion, on a tank to tank basis if appropriate whenever any of the following operations take place in the ship:
(a) for machinery space operations (all ships)
- Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks
- Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from tanks
- Disposal of oily residues
- Discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery space
(b) for cargo/ballast operations (oil tankers)
- Loading of oil cargo
- Internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage
- Unloading of oil cargo
- Ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean ballast tank
- Cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing
- Discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tank
- Discharge of water from slop tanks
- Closing of all applicable valves or similar devices after slop tank discharge operations
- Closing of valves necessary for isolation of dedicated clean ballast tanks from cargo and stripping lines after slop tank discharge operations
- Disposal of residues
CARGO RECORD BOOK
Regulation 9 of ANNEX II to MARPOL 73 states that the Cargo Record Book must be completed, on a tank to tank basis, whenever any of the following operations are carried out:
- Loading
- Discharging
- Cargo transfer
- Transfer of residues to a slop tank
- Tank cleaning
- Transfer from slop tank
- Ballasting of cargo tanks
- Transfer of dirty ballast water
- Any permitted discharge into the sea
- Mediterranean Sea
- Baltic Sea
- Black Sea
- Red Sea
- Persian Gulf
- North Sea
- Antarctic Area
- Wider Caribbean
CLASSES OF GARBAGE
- Plastics
- Floating dunnage lining and packing material
- Ground down paper products, rags glass, metal, bottles, crockery, etc.
- Paper products, rags ,glass, metal bottles, crockery, etc.
- Food Waste
- Incinerator Ash
GARBAGE DISPOSAL
OUTSIDE SPECIAL AREAS
No plastics
Floating materials – more than 25 nautical miles
Food, crockery, bottles, rags, meal cans, etc. – more than 12 nautical miles
Food, crockery, etc., comminuted to pass 25 mm screen – more than 3 nautical miles
INSIDE SPECIAL AREA
Food waste – more than 12 nautical miles
IN WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION Food waste comminuted to pass 25 mm screen – more than 3 nautical miles
MASTERS HANDING OVER DOCUMENTS
- Certificate of Registry (64 shares, 1st Master signs it)
- Official Log Book ( RGS, Name of ship, Port of registry, Official Number, Gross Tonnage, Registered Tonnage, Certificate Number of Master, Owners name and address, Date opened / closed)
- Safety construction certificate (must have a TYPE TESTED MAGNETIC COMPASS Before issuing this certificate)(VALIDITY – 5 YEARS)
- Safety radio telegraphy certificate (VALIDITY – 1 YEAR)
- Safety equipment certificate ( VALIDITY – 2 YEARS) (Record of Inspection)
- Load line certificate (VALIDITY – 5 YEARS)
- De-Rat exempt certificate (VALIDITY – 6 MONTHS)
- International Oil Pollution and Prevention (VALIDITY – 5YEARS)
- Manning certificate
- Register of lifting appliance and cargo gear
- Tonnage certificate (Panama/Suez)
- Anchor and cable certificate
- Certificate of limited liability
- Ships articles
- Discharge book if held
- Ships accounts and money
- Cargo plan & details (Manifest)(hazardous, heavy lifts, valuables)
- Sea worthy certificate (Passenger vessels) (VALIDITY – 1YEAR)
- Crew list and certificate of competency if held
- Safety Management Certificate
- Document of Compliance (copy only)
(all in bold required by c/o when handing over in addition, the ships plans, soundings of all tanks, defect list, particular cautions.)
Fire Fighting Appliance (cargo ships)
Capacity of fire pumps (Total required capacity not more than 180 m3/hr)
- Each fire pump (other than Emergency fire pump) shall have a capacity not less than 80 % of total required capacity divided by minimum no of required fire pumps but in any case not less than 25 m3/hr.
- Each pump capable of delivering at least 2 required jets of water.
- G/S, Ball, Bilge pumps accepted as fire pumps provided:
- Not normally used for pumping oil.
- If used occasionally have suitable changeover arrangements fitted.
Emergency Fire pump:
- Capacity not less than 40 % of total required capacity of the fire pumps but in any case not less than 25 m3 / hr.
- Capable of delivering 2 jets of water with minimum pressure (at a 3rd hydrant – not a SOLAS requirement) not less than 2.1 bar.
- Diesel power source of pump started in cold condition of 0° C by hand or by power at least 6 times within a period of 30 minutes and at least twice within 1st 10 minutes.
- Tank to have sufficient fuel for at least 3 hours and reserve fuel outside main machinery space to allow the pump to run for additional 15 hours.
(Total suction head and the net positive suction head of the pump to be such that they will provide for the required capacity and pressure under all conditions of list, trim, roll and pitch likely to be encountered in service)
- No direct access between engine room and emergency fire pump. If access provided, through and airlock.
- Isolation valves in tankers to be fitted on the fire main on poop and tank deck at intervals not more than 40 meters to pressure integrity of fire main system.
(Diameter of fire main: sufficient for maximum discharge from 2 pumps operating simultaneously except for cargo ships the diameter need be sufficient for a discharge of 140 m3 / hour.
Fire hydrants:
- Number and position such that at least two jets of water not from the same hydrant can reach any part of the ship.
- One shall be from a single length of a hose.
- Engine room hydrant – one on each side and one in tunnel.
Fire hoses:
- Passenger ships: One fire hose for each hydrant.
- Cargo ships: One for each 30 meter length of the vessel and one spare but in no case less than 5 in nos.
- (Length of hose not less than 18 meter if breadth of vessel more than 27 meter then hose length of 27 meter but not more) – not in SOLAS.
Fire nozzles:
- All nozzles of dual purpose type i.e. spray and jet in corroborating a shut off.
- Standard nozzle size = 12mm, 16mm and 19mm.
- For accommodations and service spaces a nozzle side greater than 12mm need not be used.
- Machinery spaces more than 19mm need not be used.
CO2 Systems:
- Cargo spaces: Quantity of CO2 available be sufficient to give a minimum volume of gas equal to 30 % of the gross volume of largest cargo space so protected by the ship.
- Machinery spaces: Quantity of CO2 available be sufficient to give a minimum volume of gas equal to 40 % of the gross volume of space (excluding casing) or 35 % of the gross volume of space (including casing). For machinery spaces, the fixed piping system shall be such that 85 % of the gas can be discharged into the space within 2 minutes.
- For the purpose of the above volume of free CO2 shall be calculated at 0.56 m3 / kg.
- Two separate controls shall be provided for releasing
- One control shall be used to discharge the gas from its storage container.
- The other to open the valve of the piping which conveys the gas to the protected space.
Fire extinguishers:
- All of approved type and design capacity of portable extinguisher not more than 13.5 liters and not less than 9 liters.
- Spare charges for 100 % of extinguishers.
- Portable foam applicator consists of an air foam nozzle of an inductor type capable of being connected to the fire main by a fire hose and a portable tank of at least 20 liters.
- Foam making liquid and one spare tank.
- Rate of foam 1.5 m3 / minute.
- One of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space to be stowed outside the entrance.
- Boiler room:
- One set of portable foam applicator unit required.
- At least 2 portable fire extinguisher
- At least 1 approved foam type extinguisher of capacity 135 liters.
- A receptacle containing sand or sawdust impregnated with soda.
- Any fixed fire-extinguishing system – e.g. CO2, foam, water spray.
- Spaces with internal combustion machinery:
- Any fixed extinguishing system.
- At least 1 set of foam applicator unit.
- Sufficient number of foam type extinguisher capacity 45 liters plus sufficient number of portable foam so placed that walking distance between extinguishers not more than 10 meters.
- High expansion foam: (fixed type system in machinery space)
- Sufficient to fill the greatest space to be protected at a rate of at least 1 meter in depth / minute.
- Produce a volume of foam equal to 5 times the volume of the space.
- Expansion ratio of not less than 5 liters/m2/minute.
- Sprinklers: Application rate of not less than 5 liters/m2/minute.
Fire mans outfit:
- Fire proof protective clothing outer surface waterproof.
- Boots and gloves of rubber or non-conductive of electricity.
- Rigid helmet.
- Electric safety lamp (approved type) minimum burning period 3 hours.
- An axe (approved type with cover)
- Breathing apparatus.
- SCBA at least 1200 liters capacity or capable of functioning for at least 30 minutes. Normal breathing rate 40 liters / minute.
- Fire proof line attached to harness.
- All ships at least 2 fireman’s outfit’s.
- To carry at least 4 sets of fire mans outfits widely spread. > for tankers.
International shore connection:
- Outside diameter 178 mm
- Inside diameter 64 mm
- Bolt circle diameter 132 mm
- Slots in flange 4 holes, 19 mm in diameter
- Flange thickness minimum 14.5 mm
- Bolts and nuts 4 nos., each 16 mm in diameter, 50 mm in length
- Washer’s 8 nos.
Fixed deck foam systems: (tanker’s – low expansion)
- Capable of delivering foam to entire cargo tank deck as well as into a cargo tank if the is ruptured.
- Control station outside and away from cargo area and readily accessible, simple and rapid operation.
- Rate of foam not less than 0.6 liters/ m2/ minute.
- Sufficient supply of foam concentrate to produce foam for at least 20 minutes. ( IG system fitted)
- Foam supplied through foam monitors and applicators. (1250 liter/min)
- Capacity of any monitors at least 3 liter/m2/minute.
- Capacity of applicator not less than 400 liters/minute and throw not less than 15 meter
Inert gas systems: (cargo tank protection)
- Maintaining O2 content less than 8 % by volume in any part of cargo tank.
- Positive pressure at all times.
- Maitaining O2 content less than 5 % in the IG main.
- System capable of delivering IG to cargo tanks at a rate of at least 125 % of the maximum discharge rate.
- 2 blowers : capacity 20000 m3/hr
- IG : capacity 1000 m3 / hr
- Vacuum : 200 mm wg
- High pressure : 1200 mm wg
Steering gear: (regulation 29)
- All ships to be provided with main and auxiliary steering gear, independent from each other.
Main steering gear:
Rudderstock shall be
- Adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead speed.
- Capable of putting rudder over from 35° one side to 35° other side at its deepest draft and maximum ahead service speed and 35° on either side to 30° on other side in 28 seconds.
- Operated by power and designed so as not to incur damage at maximum astern speed.
Auxiliary steering gear:
- Adequate strength and capable of steering at a navigable speed.
- Capable of putting the rudder 15° one side to 15° the other side in 60 seconds, when vessel at deepest draft and running ahead at ½ maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots whichever is greater.
- Steering gear control from Navigation Bridge and locally.
- Auxiliary steering gear controls from locally and if power operated also operable from Navigation Bridge.
- Steering capability to be regained in not more than 45 seconds after the loss of one power system.
Emergency power: (capable of illuminating)
- Passenger ships: not less than 36 hours *
- Cargo ships: not less than 18 hours *
- * Navigation bridge, navigation lights, navigation equipment, aldis, whistle, accommodation, alleyway, stairway, machinery space, control stations, radio room, LSA gear, FFA gear, communication.
Tests and drills:
- Test is within 12 hours of departure.
- Emergency steering drills once every 3 months.
Pilot hoists:
Construction-
- A mechanical powered winch with brake.
- Two separate falls.
- A ladder consisting of a rigid upper part on which the pilot stands and a flexible lower past of a short length of pilot ladder which enables a person to board from or disembark a launch.
- Hand operating gear in emergencies.
- Safety limit switch.
- Emergency stops (capable to be operated by person in the hoist)
- Speed of hoist 15 – 30 meter’s / minute.
- Hoist securely attached to ships structure not side rails.
- Falls long enough to do the job and still have 3 times on the drum.
Ladder section –
- Rigid part – 2.5 meters long.
- Non skid steps for safe access and safe hand holds
- Spreader with rollers fitted at lower end to roll freely on shipside.
- Flexible lower part must be 8” steps long.
- New hoists subjected to over load test of 2.2 times the working load.
- Operating test of 10 % over load.
- Every 6 months regular test rigging and inspection which includes a load test of 150 kgs.
- Entry in ships official log book.
Life saving appliances:
Life buoys:
- Length < 100 min no of life buoys = 8
- 100 < 150 min no of life buoys = 10
- 150 < 200 min no of life buoys = 12
- length > 200 min no of life buoys = 14
Requirements:
- Outer diameter not more than 800 mm
- Inner diameter not less than 400 mm
- Constructed of buoyant material.
- Mass not less than 2.5 kgs ( MOB not less than 4 kgs )
- Support 14.5 kg of iron for 24 hours in fresh water.
- Withstand a drop into water from a stowage position to water line in light condition or 30 meter whichever is greater.
- Fitted with a grab line not less than 9.5 mm in diameter. Grab line secured at 4 equidistant points. Length not less than 4 times the outside diameter.
- Painted international orange / highly visible colour.
- Readily available on both sides of vessel. At least one at stern. No permanent securing.
- At least one buoy on each side fitted with buoyant life line ( 2 x stow height or 30 meter)
- At least ½ the no of life buoys with SI lights ( 2 hours )
- At least 2 with smoke floats ( 15 minutes )
- Marked in roman – name and port of registry.
Life jackets:
Requirements –
- One for every person on board + 25 % extra.
- Fitted with retro reflective tape + life jacket lights ( visibility 1 mile )
- For children 10 % of the no of passengers on board
Construction –
- Correctly donning within 1 minute.
- Capable of wearing inside out
- Can jump from a height of 4.5 meters into water
- Turn the body of an unconscious person in 5 sec’s
- Lifts the mouth 128 mm clear of the water
- Fitted with a whistle
- Buoyancy not reduced by more than 5 % after 24 hour immersion in fresh water
Immersion suits:
Requirements –
- Unpacked + donned within 2 minutes
- Permit the wearer to climb up and down a vertical ladder at least 5 meter in length
- Jump from a height of 4.5 meter into the water
- Cover the whole body with exception of face.
- Core temperature does not fall more than 2°C after a period of 6 hours in water of temperature 0° – 2° C
- Turn the wearer face up in 5 seconds.
- Provided for every person assigned to crew rescue boat.
- Cargo ships for each life boat at least 3 suits or if necessary 1 for each person on board
- TPA for persons on board not provided for by immersion suits.
- Immersion suits and TPA not required if —
- Vessel had total enclosed life boats for 100 % of compliment on each side
- Free fall life boat for 100 % of compliment
- Engaged in warm climates
- If vessel less than 85 meters than davit launched life rafts required 100 % of compliment
Rescue boats:
- Capable of being launched from stowage position with parent vessel making a headway of 5 knots.
- Means of rapid recovery
- Capability to maneuver at 6 knots for 4 hours and tow the largest life raft with full compliment at 2 knots.
- Function – recover persons from water, marshal survival craft.
- In a state of continuous readiness ( launching in 5 minutes )
- Stowed clear of other survival craft.
Requirements –
- Length not less than 3.8 meters and not more than 8.5 meters.
- Capable of carrying at least 5 seated persons and 1 lying down.
Additional equipment –
- One buoyant line of 50 meter length for towing purpose.
- Two buoyant rescue quoits with 30 meter line
- Efficient radar reflector or SART.
- Water proof 1st aid kit
- TPA for 10 % or 2 of the total capacity
- A search light
- Walkie talkie
Muster and drills:
- Boats and fire drill once a month
- Within 24 hours of vessel leaving port if more than 25 % of crew have not participated in a drill in the previous month
- Passenger ships : muster within 24 hours of embarkation
Training manuals:
Bridge, engine room, crew mess room, officers mess room.
- Lifeboats launched and manoeuvred in water once every 3 months, during a drill.
- Free fall life boats: if impracticable to launch every 3 months then should be davit lowered every 3 months, provided that the life boat is free fall launched at once in 6 months.
- Rescue boats : launched and manouevred once a month in any case once every 3 months
Onboard training:
- Use of LSA and FFA to be given to new crew as soon as joining or within 2 weeks.
- Individual instructions on all LSA within 2 months
- Use of davit launched life rafts within 4 months
Maintenance and inspection
Lifeboat falls:
- Turned end for end at intervals not more than 30 months ( 2 ½ years )
- Renewed not more than 5 years unless required earlier.
Weekly inspections :
- All survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances inspected visually
- Engines of life boats and rescue boats run ahead and astern for not less than 3 minutes
- General emergency alarm ( if not done daily )
Monthly inspections:
- All LSA, lifeboats and rescue boat equipment using checklist provided.
- Report logged
Servicing of life rafts and HRU (life jackets inflatable, rescue boats inflatable)
- Every 12 months can be extended for additional 5 months but not more.
- Disposable HRU’s ( HAMAR) 2 years life cycle.
Passenger vessels engaged in short international voyages
- Life boats for at least 30 % of passenger + life rafts for remaining.
- In addition – life rafts for at least 25 % of passenger’s
Passenger ships engaged in international voyages additional requirements:
- Lifeboats: partially or totally enclosed life boats for 50 % of total complement on each side.
- Life rafts may be substituted for boats but boats capacity should never be less than 37.5 % of the total compliment
- Rafts must be davit launched
- In addition life rafts for 25 % of the compliment
- Rescue boat: one on each side.
Cargo ships additional requirements:
- Lifeboats one or more totally enclosed on each side for 100 % of compliment.
- Life rafts to accommodate total no of persons on board if not readily transferable for launching on either side of ship, total capacity on each side for 100 % of compliment.
- If free fall life boat, then life rafts on each side for 100 % of compliment and at least one side of ship to have davit launched rafts.
Vessel less than 85 meter in length
- Life raft on each side for 100 % complement – if life rafts are not readily transferable then additional life rafts to be provided so that total capacity on each side = 150 % of complement.
- Rescue boat can be counted for crew.
- Where survival craft are stowed in a position which is more than 100 meter from stern or stem, she shall carry additional life raft ( 6 person) forward or aft as practicable.
- Such life rafts are manually operated.
Marking on life rafts:
- Name and port of registry of ship ( not on container)
- Makers name or trade mark
- Serial number
- Name of approving authority
- Capacity
- SOLAS
- Type of emergency pack ( A ~ B )
- Length of painter
- Drop test height ( maximum stowage height above water level)
- Launching instructions and last service date
- Life rafts : capable of staying afloat for a period of 30 days in all sea conditions
- Weak link breaking strain 2.2 ± 0.4 kn.
- HRU automatic release of life raft @ depth of 4 meter.
- Life boat engines: capable of running to provide a speed of 6 knots for a period of 24 hours – shall have a sufficient fuel to last 24 hours.
- To be capable of carrying a life raft of 25 person with full compliment and equipment with a speed of 2 knots.
Marking on the life boats:
- Dimensions
- Capacity
- Name and port of registry of vessel on each side of bow
- Lifeboat number on each side of bow and also on top of boat to identify from air.
- Retro reflective tape all round at intervals of 12”
Fire protected life boats:
Capable of protecting the persons inside when enveloped in a continuos fire for not less than 8 minutes
Self contained air supply:
To provide breathable air with engines running for a period not less than 10 minutes pressure not less than outside atmospheric pressure and not more than 20 mbs above the outside atmospheric pressure.
Line throwing apparatus:
- Capable of throwing a line with reasonable accuracy
- Have not less than 4 projectiles each capable of carrying the line at least 230 mm in calm weather.
- Include not less than 4 lines of breaking strength 2 Kn.
- Instructions and diagrams on separation ( pains wessex ) ( schermuly )
Pyrotechnics in life boats and rescue boat and life rafts:
6 hand flares
4 rocket parachutes
2 buoyant smoke floats
Hand flares:
- Contained in water tight casing
- Instructions and diagram on operating procedure
- Burn bright red colour
- Burning period not less than 1 minute ( 10 seconds in water – submerged 100 meter below water
Parachute flares:
- Contained in water tight casing
- Instructions and diagram on operation procedure
- Reach an altitude of 300 meter ( fixed vertically) and eject paraflare
- Burn bright red colour not less than 30000 candelas
- Burning period not less than 40 seconds descent not more than 5 meter/ second
Smoke float:
- Contained in water tight casing
- Instructions and diagram on operation procedure
- Emit smoke of highly visible colour (orange) for not less than 3 minutes in calm water. No flame.
- Not suspended in sea way (smoke for 10 seconds if submerged in water)
SOLAS appendix 3
Certificates and documents required to be carried on board ships:
All ships:
- Certificate of registry validity: 5 years
- International loadline certificate validity: 5 years
- Intact stability — validity: life long
- Minimum safe manning certificate ?
- Certificate for master, officers, and ratings ?
- International tonnage certificate validity: life long
- Deratting or de-ratting exemption certificate validity: 6 months
- Oil record book to be kept on board for 3 years
- Cargo ship safety construction certificate validity: ?
- Cargo ship equipment certificate validity: 2 years
- Cargo ship safety radio certificate validity: 1 year
- D.O.C. with —– for ships carrying dangerous cargo ?
- Dangerous goods manifest or stowage plan ?
- For passenger ships: including no 1 to no 10 and also
- Passenger ship safety certificate validity: 1 year
- For ships carrying liquid cargo in bulk: including no 1 to 12 and also
- International oil pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxious liquids in bulk (NLS certificate) validity: 5 years
- Cargo record book validity: kept for 3 years
- Certificate of fitness for carriage of dangerous chemicals/liquefied gasses in bulk validity: 5 years
- Grain stability booklet for grain carriers (document of authorization for grain carriage)
- International oil pollution prevention (IOPP) 5 yrs
- Certificate of insurance of other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution (CLC)
- Noise survey report
- Ship board oil pollution emergency plan ( SOPEP) vessels response to pollution prevention (VRPP)
For oil tankers equal to or more than 100 GRT
Other ships equal to or more than 400 GRT
Under ISM Code:
- Document of compliance issued for every company complying with the ISM code copy of certificate to be held on ship
- Safety management certificate issued for every ship complying with ISM ( also company must comply = DOC)
ISM
Objectives:
- Observe safe operation of ships
- Prevent pollution
- Prevent loss of life and damage
- Project environment
- Designated person from compare – DPA designated person ashore
- Master responsible from ship
- Internal audits
- Reports non confirmatives NCR – non conformance report
- Corrective action
- Log all activities
- Have an approved SMS (safety management system)
About cargo stowage:
Weight / area of cargo = loading expression in t/m2
If cargo = 30 t maximum loading of deck = 2.5 t/m2
Then minimum area over which the weight must be spread = 30/2.5 = 12 m2
And therefore use good dunnage and safer to add 5 % to the weight when calculating the area.
Containers:
- Must have safety approved plate on every approved container stating –
- Maximum operating gross weight
- Allowable stacking weight
- Transverse racking test load valve
Marks on a anchor:
- Makers name or initials
- Progressive no
- Weight
- No of certificate
- Letters indicating the certifying authority
Anchor certificate:
- Type of anchor
- Weight of anchor including crown shackle in kgs
- Length of shark in mm
- Length of arm in mm
- Weight of head of anchor
- No of test certificate
- No and date of drop test
- Spider band : derrick head
- Hounds band : mast head for preventer back stays.
RULE OF THE ROAD
DEFINITIONS:
VESSEL NOT UNDER COMMAND: Means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
VESSEL RESTRICTED IN HER ABILITY TO MANOEUVRE: Means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
VESSEL CONSTRAINED BY HER DRAUGHT: Means a power driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
UNDERWAY: means that a vessel is not at anchor or made fast to the shore or aground.
EVERY VESSEL SHALL MAINTAIN A PROPER LOOKOUT ALL THE TIME THE VESSEL IS AT SEA EVERY VESSEL SHALL PROCEED AT A SAFE SPEED ALL THE TIME THE VESSEL IS AT SEA
IN NARROW CHANNELS 4(FOUR) TYPES OF VESSELS ARE NOT TO IMPEDE THE SAFE PASSAGE OF A VESSEL
- VESSEL < 20 METRES IN LENGTH
- FISHING VESSEL
- SAILING VESSEL
- CROSSING VESSEL
N A TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME 3(THREE) TYPE OF VESSELS ARE NOT TO IMPEDE THE PASSAGE OF ANY VESSEL
- FISHING VESSEL
- SAILING VESSEL
- VESSEL < 20 METERS IN LENGTH
TYPE OF VESSEL YOU KNOW FOR SURE ARE MAKING WAY OR NOT
- VESSEL ENGAGED IN FISHING
- VESSEL NOT UNDER COMMAND
- DEDICATED VESSELS RESTRICTED IN HER ABILITY TO MANOEUVRE
EXPLANATION OF RULE 8 (f)
(i) A VESSEL REQUIRED NOT TO IMPEDE THE PASSAGE OR SAFE PASSAGE OF ANOTHER VESSEL UNDER ANY OF THESE RULES SHALL TAKE EARLY ACTION TO ALLOW SUFFICIENT SEA ROOM FOR THE SAFE PASSAGE OF THE OTHER VESSEL.
(ii) A VESSEL REQUIRED NOT TO IMPEDE THE PASSAGE OR SAFE PASSAGE OF ANOTHER VESSEL WHEN APPROACHING THE OTHER VESSEL SO AS TO INVOLVE RISK OF COLLISION SHALL WHEN TAKING ANY ACTION HAVE DUE REGARDS TO THE ACTION REQUIRED BY THESE RULES.
(iii) A VESSEL WHOSE PASSAGE IS REQUIRED NOT TO BE IMPEDED (i.e THE OTHER VESSEL) REMAINS FULLY OBLIGED WITH THESE RULES AND DOES NOT HAVE AN AUTOMATIC RIGHT OF WAY.
WHEN REQUIRED TO STAND ON OTHER VESSEL NOT TAKING ANY ACTION
- 5 OR MORE SHORT AND RAPID BLAST ON THE WHISTLE
- SUPPLEMENTED BY 5 OR MORE SHORT AND RAPID LIGHT SIGNAL
- INFORM THE MASTER
- ENGAGE MANUAL STEERING
- ENGINES ON STAND-BY
- CHECK OWN NAVIGATIONAL LIGHTS
(NB: WHEN IN A TSS POINTS 4 AND 5 ARE ALREADY ENGAGED)