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A large variety of cargoes carried in containers today – everything from ice cream to New Zealand lamb, from avocados to flower bulbs, from melons to fish – all require different specialist refrigerated care. Considering the high cost of most reefer cargoes it is important that each cargo is carried exactly according to its requirements….
Containers of various sizes are used in the industry and we shall now understand how they are utilised for cargoes of various sizes and types. Size of containers The standard containers consist of the following size: – Hi-cube containers have the dimensions of 20’/40’x8’00”x9’00”or9’06”. In addition you will find 35 ft, 45ft and 52 ft…
On a general cargo vessel the identification of the location of a parcel of cargo was a simple process. Since the vessel was divided into holds, the first parameter was the hold. Each hold was divided into lower hold and tween decks hence the next parameter was either lower hold or tween dk. Each of…
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The Gauging system Most of the terminals these days demand that a closed gauging / sampling system be followed on all tankers at their terminals. This means that the tanker must be able to gauge or sample the cargo in her tanks manually or automatically without opening her cargo tanks to the atmosphere. In this…
Containers A standard container is basically a rectangular box with 5 sides closed and the sixth being the door. A box can be constructed in many ways, two most commonly used methods are: (a) Construction using same material throughout & (b) Using a frame and attaching varying materials to the frame. The example…
INDEPENDENT TANKS These types of tanks are completely self-supporting and do not form part of the ship’s hull and do not contribute to the hull strength. Depending mainly on design pressure, there are three different types of independent tanks for gas carriers, Types A, B and C MARVS: – Maximum Allowable Relief Valve setting on…
The circumstances of a substantial claim recently settled by the Club in respect to cargo contamination and shortage clearly underline the fact that some masters do not understand that the suitability of cargo spaces for the intended cargo is their responsibility and theirs alone. Inadequate Cleaning of Cargo Tanks In this instance, the ship had…
Cargo heating Normally cargo heating uses steam as the media for heat exchange, but some ships use special hydraulic oil as a medium. The voyage orders will clearly indicate if the cargo requires heating and the temperature to be maintained. Normally the heating clause in a charter party requires the cargo to be carried at…
Stowage on container vessels The modern container vessel is also divided into holds, but using a similar system for containers would be impossible as a hold may contain anywhere between 50 to 250 containers and the port stay is in hours. Some system to identify each slot in which a container could be loaded had…
Types of Valves You have by now understood the functions of a valve. These act as controls and allow or stop flow of any material. In the study of these valves, it is necessary to understand: The mechanism which controls the flow, Operation of the mechanism, Maintenance needs, Common problems that are normally experienced in…