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After studying this blog, you should be able to: State the different categories of navigation in the voyage cycle. Pick out the document that can identify, assess, control and monitor risk in each category of navigation. List out the risks associated with navigation in pilotage waters. Assess traffic density trends and areas in the world…
An Aneroid barometer is an instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure. It uses a small flexible material box called a vaccum chamber (capsule), which is made from an alloy of beryllium and copper. The vacuumed capsules are prevented from collapsing by a strong spring. Small changes in external air pressure cause the cell to expand…
Ice is found at high latitudes in both hemispheres i.e. Northern Hemisphere (Artic) and Southern Hemisphere (Antarctic) regions. They differ greatly because of their physical dissimilarities. The Artic Basin is an area of ocean, which is covered up a thin shell of ice about 3.5 mtr thick. The Antarctica about the same area is covered…
Efficient weather service to shipping depends on the timely location and accurate tracking of weather systems over the open sea, which covers three-quarters of the surface of the earth. Weather is a very important factor in determination of the passage and safe completion. Need for weather reporting systems Overland, it is easily possible to establish…
Aframax (tanker) An AFRA (Average Freight Rate Assessment)max is a medium-sized oil tanker which ranges in size between 80,000 and 119,999 deadweight tonnes. Aframax tankers have an average cargo carrying capacity of 750,000 barrels. Anchor Holding Power The holding power of an anchor is normally defined as the ratio of the actual pull it…
Modern ships today are equipped with fresh water generators. They enable an unlimited supply of fresh water to be produced. With modern efficient fresh water generators, ships normally take a minimum amount of fresh water and produce the rest on board. Every crew uses about 70 litres of water a day for bathing, washing, drinking…
Monitoring the drag with swing circle A ship at anchor will swing around the anchored position in the wind. A ship at anchor will swing around the anchored position in the wind. It is also recommended to draw a small circle on the chart around the location of the “dropped” anchor that is based on…
Annex II Regulations for the control of pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Details the discharge criteria and measures for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in bulk The discharge of their residues is allowed only to reception facilities until certain concentrations and conditions ( which vary with the category of…
The ships main gyro compass gives the heading of the vessel with respect to true north. A Gyro compass is a form of gyroscope, used widely on ships employing an electrically powered, fast spinning gyroscope wheel and frictional forces among other factors utilizing the basic physical laws, influences of gravity and the earth’s rotation to…
Occasionally the power of the windlass may be insufficient to recover the anchor, even in moderate weather. This can be due to mechanical inefficiency in the windlass due to excessive friction in gears for example, or to a reduction in power of the windlass motors, perhaps as a result of overhead oil, worn internal components….