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Small spills can occur during routine transfer operations on the ship, i.e. during loading, discharging, ballasting, bunkering etc. If an oil spill occurs at any time, the Ship’s Oil Spill Emergency Plan (SOPEP) must immediately be put into operation. Responsibilities The responsibilities of shipboard officers are clearly laid down in the company’s regulations but may…
These are oil tankers specially meant for storage of oil offshore. Hence, they are converted sailing oil tankers. Conversions are customized to meet the requirements of the location where the FSO needs to be placed. Thus each FSO has certain unique features, which may not be found on other FSOs. A FSO should not be…
Chemical tankers are among the most complex ships ever constructed. The cargoes they carry often, present tremendous challenges and difficulties from a safety point of view and many chemicals are also a far greater pollution threat than crude oils. Hazard evaluation of chemicals is in itself a complex problem. It stems from the combination of…
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Many of the changes in everyday life that have taken place during the last fifty years have resulted from developments in the chemical industry. A wide range of ordinary items are in fact derived from complex chemical processes, and are often derived from the by-products of the production of energy. The greatest advances made in…
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Cargo oil tanks must be water washed, purged and gas freed prior to inspection. Cargo oil tanks must NEVER be entered when inerted. Prior to gas freeing any COT or gaseous space, the hydrocarbon content must be below 2% Hc, thus ensuring that the space will not pass through the flammable envelope as the oxygen…
Combined pressure/vacuum valves are fitted to each cargo tank. These valves are designed to relieve positive or negative pressure in the tanks. Combined PV valves are fitted to each cargo oil and slop tank based on the vapor emission control system in accordance with USCG requirements. The purpose of the PV valve is to provide…
The main cargo pump system consists of three vertical centrifugal single stage double suction type cargo pumps. They are situated at the bottom of the pump room and are driven by a single stage Curtis steam turbine and intermediate shaft passing into the pump room through a gas tight bulkhead gland. The pumps are each…
The Gauging system Most of the terminals these days demand that a closed gauging / sampling system be followed on all tankers at their terminals. This means that the tanker must be able to gauge or sample the cargo in her tanks manually or automatically without opening her cargo tanks to the atmosphere. In this…
Inert gas system The salient features of the inert gas regulations are listed below Note: Nitrogen generators are now used on Chemical tankers due to the nature of Nitrogen (No soot or water carry over). The system consists of the following components Boiler uptake valves Two pipes used to direct the Flue gases emanating from…
Tank cleaning It is customary to clean the cargo tanks as a preparation to load the next cargo after the cargo is discharged and the tanker sails out from the discharge port. This is done because the next cargo may not be compatible with the earlier cargo or the vessels cargo tanks may have to…