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Chemical tankers are among the most complex ships ever constructed. The cargoes they carry often, present tremendous challenges and difficulties from a safety point of view and many chemicals are also a far greater pollution threat than crude oils. Hazard evaluation of chemicals is in itself a complex problem. It stems from the combination of…
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Containers of various sizes are used in the industry and we shall now understand how they are utilised for cargoes of various sizes and types. Size of containers The standard containers consist of the following size: – Hi-cube containers have the dimensions of 20’/40’x8’00”x9’00”or9’06”. In addition you will find 35 ft, 45ft and 52 ft…
Many of the changes in everyday life that have taken place during the last fifty years have resulted from developments in the chemical industry. A wide range of ordinary items are in fact derived from complex chemical processes, and are often derived from the by-products of the production of energy. The greatest advances made in…
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Introduction To ensure a fast and effective ability to respond to a fire situation the ship is provided with means to shut off tanks containing flammable liquids that would normally be open; to shut down the pumps and other equipment that could cause or maintain a fire and to shut off air supply to the…
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Cargo oil tanks must be water washed, purged and gas freed prior to inspection. Cargo oil tanks must NEVER be entered when inerted. Prior to gas freeing any COT or gaseous space, the hydrocarbon content must be below 2% Hc, thus ensuring that the space will not pass through the flammable envelope as the oxygen…
On a general cargo vessel the identification of the location of a parcel of cargo was a simple process. Since the vessel was divided into holds, the first parameter was the hold. Each hold was divided into lower hold and tween decks hence the next parameter was either lower hold or tween dk. Each of…
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Introduction These Guidelines have been developed to assist with the maintenance of the shipboard oil pollution plan. Such plan shall be effective if it is carefully tailored to the particular ship for which it is intended. Certain aspects of the plan would be common for all company’s ships but when dealing with equipment and particulars…
The inert gas system (IGS) consists of a main inert gas plant, using boiler flue gas to provide a gas explosion protection system, i.e. a low O2 content in the cargo oil tanks and slop tanks. This is achieved by maintaining a slight overpressure in the tanks at all times. Whilst discharging the cargo, liquid…