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90% of all the shipping casualties occur in coastal and port areas. The coastal passages leading to ports are generally the most dangerous portions of vessel voyages and vast majorities of marine casualties occur during this passage. It is therefore imperative that the bridge team and the pilot both are totally prepared for the passage…
The created route must be checked for potential dangers in case any have been overlooked during route creation. The system will conduct a check for charted dangers, unsafe depths and potential hazards only within the confines of the specified XTL. The check should consider all scales of ENCs on which the XTL is located. The…
When using the ARPA the following points to be considered: For collision avoidance purposes an ARPA should be sea stabilized with a log input delivering the vessel’s speed through the water. The resulting true vectors will provide a more accurate indication of the aspects of tracked targets. IF speed through the water is set manually,…
The sextant is an instrument used to measure angles. Its arc is one sixth of a circle. Hence it is called a sextant.In actual practice, the arc of the sextant is about 60°. Being an instrument of double reflection, it can measure angles up to about 120° Typically the sextant is used to measure the…
A change in draught may arise during a voyage due to factors such as cargo and ballast changes as well as sea water density, and dynamic factors such as squat, pitch /roll etc. These factors should be considered in the appraisal and appropriate figures calculated for each leg of the voyage plan. Any significant events…
Below is the list of mandatory alarms / indication as per MSC Resolution 232(82). Alarm: An alarm or alarm system which announces by audible means, or audible and visual means, a condition requiring attention. Indicator: Visual indication giving information about the condition of a system or equipment. When using ENCs, an alert will be given…
ENCs are updated by weekly ‘Notices to Mariners’ issued by Hydrographic Offices / Regional ENC co-ordination centers ( RENC) and corrections are received on the vessel either by email or data file (AVCS DVD). The actual updating is either applied to the ECDIS chart database automatically or by the user. The ECDIS generates error message…
A valuable function of ECDIS is to continuously display position fixes and at the same time, monitor a detection area ahead of the ship for hazards to navigation. This detection area may have a different name depending on the manufacturer, but common terms include‘safety frame’ ‘safety cone’ ‘look ahead window’‘antigrounding cone’ and‘danger detection’ ECDIS will…
Finding the Quadrant – Northern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere If the wind veers she is in the right hand semicircle (Dangerous Semicircle)If the wind backs she is in the left hand semicircle (Navigable semicircle) Navigable Semicircle Northern HemisphereProceed at maximum practical speed, alter courses as wind backs, keeping the wind between 1 and 4 points on…
Weather routeing is the procedure of ensuring that the ship makes an ocean passage in the least possible time conducive to the safety of the vessel. In order to do effective weather routeing the following steps must be considered⦁ Ships performance curves must be drawn⦁ Understand a wave chart⦁ Draw the shortest possible track⦁ Obtain…