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The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) convention, number 186, established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law. The other pillars are the SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL. It embodies “all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be…
Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (FAL) This Convention was adopted in 1965 and entered into force in 1967. The Convention’s main objectives are – In particular, the Convention reduces the number of declarations which are required by public authorities. Most regulations are essential – but sometimes they prove to be not only unnecessary…
International Convention on Load Lines It was adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1968. It has long been recognized that limitations on the draught to which a ship may be loaded make a significant contribution to her safety. The main objective of the Convention is to set these limits in the form of…
International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships It was adopted in 1969 and entered into force in 1982. The Convention, adopted by IMO in 1969, was the first successful attempt to introduce a universal tonnage measurement system. Previously, various systems were used to calculate the tonnage of merchant ships. There were considerable differences between them…
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights…
What is ‘Note of protest’? In what circumstances, will you note a protest? What all documents will be required? Note of Protest or a NOP is a solemn declaration under oath by a Ship Master of circumstances beyond his control which have or may have given rise to loss and/or damage to his ship or…
The burning of any fuel onboard ship, creates exhaust gases or emissions and most of these have an effect on the environment. The quality of the fuel oil being burnt influences the level and type of emission, however, cylinder lubricating oil also produces emissions as it is a hydrocarbon and contains chemical additives. Some of…
What is ISPS code? ISPS code is the International Ship and Port facility Security code. SOLAS chapter XI-2 part A and part B relates to special measures to enhance maritime security. In this context the principles behind ISPS code is similar to the ISM code on board. ISPS code emphasises the security of the persons…
Introduction The present day P&I market provides third party liability cover to the ship owners worldwide on a non-profit making “mutual” basis as opposed to the commercial insurers who understandably provide insurance for all other risks to earn profit in order to pay dividends to their share holders. The structure of this non profit “mutual”…
BASIC PRINCIPLES a) Legal dispute is an inherent risk in shipping business. b) Availability of evidence is essential in settling any dispute. c) If good, clear and methodical records and documents are produced, following advantages will accrue : Disputes and claims will be resolved quickly. Lengthy legal wrangles will be avoided. Legal costs will reduce….