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a) What are the objectives of “London Dumping Convention”? How are these objectives achieved? The objective of the London Convention and Protocol is to promote the effective control of all sources of marine pollution. Contracting Parties shall take effective measures to preventpollution of the marine environment caused by dumping at sea. The purpose of the…
a) Describe salient features of International Load Lines convention as amended.b) List contents of the Record of conditions of assignment of free board of a ship. It has long been recognized that limitations on the draught to which a ship may be loaded make a significant contribution to her safety. These limits are given in…
List out contents of STP Ship Certificate ‘B’. Contents of certificate B The Certificate B and is in the prescribed form and shall state: The voyage which the ship is to make, and the intermediate ports (if any) at which she is to touch; That she has the proper complement of officers and seamen;…
ARTICLE OF AGREEMENT (AOA) :- Article of agreement is the legal document agreed and signed between owner and or master or its agent and the seaman who is being employed by the owner. As per MS act 1958, The master of every Indian ship except a home trade ship of less than 200 GT, shall…
What is Dock Labourers Act? An Act concerning the protection against accidents of workers employed in loading and unloading ship. Every state has its own Dock Labourer’s Act as per their national rules and regulations. The Indian Dock Labourers Act is based on the Factories Act. UK, Australia, Canada and USA have similar Acts. Dock…
Introduction The carriage of goods by sea forms the backbone of international trade. To balance the interests of shipowners and cargo owners, the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 works alongside the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), which incorporates the Hague Rules. These laws define the responsibilities, rights, and liabilities of carriers during the transportation…
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Introduction Protection of the marine environment is a major concern of modern maritime law. The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 incorporates international conventions dealing with pollution prevention and liability for environmental damage. These provisions impose strict responsibility on shipowners and establish compensation mechanisms for victims of marine pollution. Marine Pollution and Oil Spills Marine pollution occurs…
Read More “Marine Pollution, Civil Liability, Fund Convention & P&I Clubs” »
Introduction Marine insurance plays a vital role in maritime التجارة by protecting shipowners, cargo owners, and other maritime interests against financial loss. The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, read alongside principles of marine insurance law, outlines the obligations of shipowners and masters concerning seaworthiness, deviation, and compliance with warranties. These principles directly affect the validity of…
Introduction The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 places strong legal protection around the wages and employment rights of seamen. Given the unique nature of maritime service—often involving long voyages, foreign ports, and personal risk—the Act ensures that seafarers are paid fairly, discharged lawfully, and protected against unjust forfeiture of wages. Right of Seamen to Wages A…
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Introduction Passenger safety is a central concern of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958. Ships carrying passengers are subject to stricter construction, equipment, and operational standards than cargo vessels. The Act also introduces special provisions for ships engaged in special trade, such as pilgrim ships, and regulates load lines and crew accommodation to ensure safety, comfort,…
Read More “Passenger Ships, Special Trade Vessels, Load Lines & Crew Accommodation” »