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Hold cleaning disputes are not infrequent and can result in the need for multiple surveys and significant delays and costs. This blog discusses some of the practical aspects of cleaning cargo holds, including the factors which will be relevant to the extent of cleaning required, and also how appropriate systems can be put into place to…
Draught survey: Before the start of loading the chief mate will normally undertake a draught survey. If an independent surveyor has been appointed the chief mate will accompany him on his survey, agree soundings and draught readings with him and then complete a separate set of calculations before comparing the final results with the surveyor….
Liquefaction – it’s a term used as a ‘catch-all’ phrase to describe at least two moisture-related cargo failure mechanisms. The results, however, are the same – vessel instability and ultimately the vessel sinking. Classical liquefaction Classical liquefaction occurs when moisture between the cargo particles becomes sufficiently pressurised, causing the particles to separate. “Then the cargo…
Ventilation of bulk grains and oilseeds The ventilation of bulk cargoes, especially agricultural commodities, is a recurring problem . But how does a crew know when to ventilate a cargo, and why should they do it? What is ventilation? Agricultural bulk cargoes are usually hygroscopic; they possess a natural moisture content, and they may absorb,…
Q. Mandatory requirement for monitoring water ingress in cargo holds – bulk carriers potential problem Bulk carriers potential hazardsIngress of sea water into cargo holds poses significant threat to bulk carriers while on sea passage and in harbour. Effective means of monitoring hold bilges for presence of water are traditional practice. However New regulations now…
A chronological record of all maintenance work carried out on hatch covers and coamings must be maintained. It could be required as evidence to defend cargo claims. All Hatch Covers are to be hose tested prior each loading (containerships excepted) and the cause of the leakage, if any to be ascertained and rectified. Special care…
Crane design Shipboard cranes are usually of electro-hydraulic design. A crane is normally required to perform three functions—namely, to hoist, to luff, and to slew. Hoisting is the raising of the crane wire whilst the crane jib remains in a constant position. Luffing is the raising or lowering of the crane jib, and slewing is…
COAL Properties and characteristics 1. Coals may emit methane, a flammable gas. A methane/air mixture containing between 5% and 16% methane constitutes an explosive atmosphere which can be ignited by sparks or naked flame, e.g., electrical or frictional sparks, a match or lighted cigarette. Methane is lighter than air and may, therefore, accumulate in the…
Sulphur – IMDG Code (IMO International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) Class 4.1: Is a relatively cheap commodity, which is used in the manufacture of fertilizer. It is not only a byproduct of the petrochemical industry, but also found in its natural form. After processing, it is often shipped in prilled form. Substantial quantities of sulphur…
Millions of tonnes of substances (raw materials and products) are transported in bulk by sea across continents for the fertilizer industry. Some of the materials are classified as dangerous for transport. It describes various precautions to take to minimise safety and environmental risks. The fertilizer industry is a global and large tonnage industry, requiring shipments…