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Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC) The LLMC Convention was adopted in 1976 and entered into force in 1986. The 1996 Protocol entered into force in 2004. The Convention provides for a virtually unbreakable system of limiting liability. In the LLMC Convention, limits are specified for two types of claims – Other…
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On March 24, 1989, the ‘Exxon Valdez’ spilled over 11 million gallons of Alaskan crude oil in the water of Prince William Sound. The two most important lessons learned in the aftermath of the spill were:- a) The United States lacked adequate resources, particularly Federal funds, to respond to spills.b) The scope of damages compensable…
Duties, Role and Responsibilities of Flag State: PORT STATE CONTROL: Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of the International regulations and that the ship is properlymanned and operated in compliance with these rules….
A Classification Society is an independent, non-commercial, non- governmental and self-regulating body that establishes and maintains technical standards for the construction and operation of ships and offshorestructures. Classification societies validate and report that construction of a vessel is in accordance with relevant standards and carry out regular surveys in service to ensure continuing compliance with…
The International Health Regulations (2005) are a legally binding instrument of International law that aim to: a) assist countries to work together to save lives and livelihoods endangered by the international spread of diseases & other health risksb) avoid unnecessary interference with international trade and travel. The purpose and scope of IHR 2005 are to…