Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (“COGSA”)
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (“COGSA”) defines the basic relationship—duties, liabilities, rights, and immunities—between ocean carrier and cargo…
EEXI & CII
A ship’s attained EEXI indicates its energy efficiency compared to a baseline. Ships attained EEXI will then be compared to…
Damage stability Deterministic method
Deterministic Damage Stability This is a traditional method of assessment of the stability of a ship when it is flooded.…
Precautions polar water
In general, during ice ship navigation, an ice pilot and ice breakers are provided to help commercial vessel operations by…
GMDSS equipment power
Source of GMDSS equipment power from following :- GeneratorEmergency generatoremergency battery The GMDSS battery is usually in the range of…
Cyber security management plan
Contents of the Plan The ISM Code, supported by the IMO Resolution MSC.428(98), requires ship owners and managers to assess…
Weather associated with cold fronts
A cold front normally occurs when a huge mass of cold and chilly air meets a mass of warm air,…
Checks to carry out in the bill of lading as master. Who is authorised to sign BL
Checks to be made before singing bills of lading Description & Condition of Cargo The Master must satisfy himself that…
Master’s discretion – and difference between master’s overriding authority w.rt. ISM code
SOLAS regulation V/34. 1 makes it illegal for a person to compromise the master’s discretion in decision-making. It provides as…
Article of Agreement
Articles of agreement for employment of seafarer Contractual clauses/terms and conditions Article of agreement is required by every flag. Indian…