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Purpose of steering gear The steering gear provides a movement of the rudder in response to a signal from the bridge to steer the ship. Accidents because of steering gear failure are common in the maritime industry. Such incidents have led to some serious accidents in past, causing heavy damage to ship, its crew and…
How CO2 extinguishes fire At atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide is a colouless, odourless and non-conductive gas that can quickly and thoroughly permeate a protected area, reduce the oxygen to a level below 15%, where combustion is not supported and extinct the fire. CO2 extinguishes the fire by: Reducing the oxygen level – The primary effect…
Three types of methodsVessel generally use any one of the following methods: “Dropping” or “letting go” anchor from the hawse pipe of just above the water line. For depths up to 20m. “Walking back” anchor just above the sea bed for depths between 20 to 50m. “Paying out under power” for depths between 50 to…
Weather routeing is the procedure of ensuring that the ship makes an ocean passage in the least possible time conducive to the safety of the vessel. In order to do effective weather routeing the following steps must be considered⦁ Ships performance curves must be drawn⦁ Understand a wave chart⦁ Draw the shortest possible track⦁ Obtain…
During passage planning the 2nd officer plans a passage apparently clear of visible dangers to navigation. ( IGNORE SHALLOW CONTOUR SETTINGS ) Consequence : The deep draft aframax tanker drawing aft draft of 15.0 m goes aground in safer waters well clear of the visible obstructions on the chart. Lets find out the reason for…
Traditional method of passage planning on paper chart: Using a draft of 14 mtr and applying a 2 mtr safety margin, the second mate would mark off areas with depth 16 mtrs and less, on the navigational chart. These areas would then be highlighted, using a pencil, as a NO GO area and the passage…
Time charterparties invariably contain an off-hire clause providing for exceptions from the obligation for charterers to pay hire from the time of delivery until redelivery. The specific terms of the off-hire clause will determine whether or not any particular event entitles the charterers to place the ship off-hire, and for how long. Using a common…
Coal is a potentially hazardous cargo and serious incidents continue to arise. In some instances it would appear that those on board were not entirely familiar with the risks, and on other occasions the coal was not carried in accordance with regulatory requirements or best practice. One example involved a crew member who was using…
Generally a port can be rendered unsafe due to: Sandbanks and shallows Obstructions such as wrecks An inadequate system at the port (such as weather warnings, mooring facilities and tug availability) to enable a ship to leave the port when weather conditions make it unsafe for the vessel to remain at berth Political situation or…
A Notice of Readiness (“NOR”) is a notification by the vessel that she is ready to start the charter service (upon delivery) or is ready to load or discharge cargo. Giving an NOR has two purposes: (i) to inform the charterers that the vessel is at their disposal; and (ii) to start the running of…