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How CO2 extinguishes fire At atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide is a colouless, odourless and non-conductive gas that can quickly and thoroughly permeate a protected area, reduce the oxygen to a level below 15%, where combustion is not supported and extinct the fire. CO2 extinguishes the fire by: Reducing the oxygen level – The primary effect…
Three types of methodsVessel generally use any one of the following methods: “Dropping” or “letting go” anchor from the hawse pipe of just above the water line. For depths up to 20m. “Walking back” anchor just above the sea bed for depths between 20 to 50m. “Paying out under power” for depths between 50 to…
There are many areas where the transfer of bulk liquid cargoes and the methods used can give rise to either a short out-turn or a cargo contamination. If we consider the cargo loading and discharge cycle, a ship must first be prepared with suitably clean tanks to load the cargo; then a correct loading sequence…
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Maintenance, testing and inspections for fire protection systems as well as fire-fighting systems and appliances are required in accordance with SOLAS Chapter II-2/14.2.2 as quoted below. 2.2 Maintenance, testing and inspections 2.2.1 Maintenance, testing and inspections shall be carried out based on the guidelines developed by the Organization (Refer to MSC.1/Circ.1432 as amended, including the…
Why do we need to evaluate a discharge performance ? When a vessel is fixed for trade, the Owner & Master have a commercial responsibility is to : load, carry and discharge the cargoes without incident, üin the most cost-efficient manner without compromising safety or the environment. This means vessel has to perform to meet the…
Principle of operation The measurement technique used in the Oil Discharge Monitoring & Control System is based on scattered light. The sample of discharge water passes through a detector cell while light enters and leaves the measurement area of the cell. The sample flow is at right angles to the optical path. When no particles or oil droplets…
Let us start by looking at the Shipboard Organisation. As we can see that the development in the shipping industry has been slow and there has been a very strong influence of tradition. In the days of the sailing ships it was the Master and his crew, there were no engineers, simply because there was…
Anchoring a Important Aspect of Shipboard Operation!!! After a long sea voyage a ship arrives in a port or near a port area and may have to anchor the ship. This may be because of customs, immigration and cargo formalities or due to non-availability of a berth. A ship may be required to anchor for…
Cadet Forms The Foundation!!! When you opted for this profession, you had certain ideas about what you would be doing and how you would be achieving the same. None of this would be possible if you don’t understand your own role on the ship. The objective of this lesson is to explain your role on…
Why Enclosed Spaces are Dangerous!! Precautions to be taken in entering enclosed spaces shall be repeated continuously . The repetition is necessary because these accidents account for a number of deaths among seafarers every year. The atmosphere of any enclosed or confined space may put at risk the health or life of any person entering….