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Introduction Marine insurance plays a vital role in maritime التجارة by protecting shipowners, cargo owners, and other maritime interests against financial loss. The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, read alongside principles of marine insurance law, outlines the obligations of shipowners and masters concerning seaworthiness, deviation, and compliance with warranties. These principles directly affect the validity of…
Introduction The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 places strong legal protection around the wages and employment rights of seamen. Given the unique nature of maritime service—often involving long voyages, foreign ports, and personal risk—the Act ensures that seafarers are paid fairly, discharged lawfully, and protected against unjust forfeiture of wages. Right of Seamen to Wages A…
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Introduction Passenger safety is a central concern of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958. Ships carrying passengers are subject to stricter construction, equipment, and operational standards than cargo vessels. The Act also introduces special provisions for ships engaged in special trade, such as pilgrim ships, and regulates load lines and crew accommodation to ensure safety, comfort,…
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Introduction One of the core objectives of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 is to ensure that ships operating under the Indian flag are safe for navigation and do not endanger human life, property, or the marine environment. To achieve this, the Act lays down strict provisions regarding seaworthiness, surveys, detention of unsafe ships, and certification….
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Introduction Under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, the master of a ship holds a position of critical responsibility. Beyond navigation, the master is legally accountable for safety, reporting casualties, protecting life and property, and cooperating with investigations. The Act establishes detailed procedures to ensure transparency, accountability, and justice following maritime accidents. Duties of the Master…
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Introduction The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 places significant emphasis on maintaining discipline on board ships while simultaneously protecting the rights and welfare of seafarers. To ensure accountability, the Act clearly defines offences, prescribes procedures for recording misconduct, and lays down strict requirements for maintaining the Official Log Book. These provisions help balance authority on board…
Introduction The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 is the primary legislation governing merchant shipping in India. It consolidates laws relating to ship registration, safety, discipline, seafarer welfare, marine casualties, pollution prevention, and India’s obligations under international maritime conventions. The Act applies to Indian ships wherever they operate and, in certain cases, to foreign ships while in…
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Cargoes in chemical tankers A chemical tanker is primarily designed for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk. These chemicals are listed in the IMO Bulk Chemical Codes. In addition to the cargoes listed in the Codes, chemical tankers may carry a variety of other liquid products. Some chemical tankers carry a wide range of…
Introduction The BMS-2000 Bridge Manoeuvring System is a manoeuvring system used for the remote control of the ship’s main diesel engine. The BMS-2000 allows for remote engine control from the wheelhouse or engine control room. Control may be transferred between these stations and may also be transferred to the local engine side control stand. The…
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STEERING PROCEDURES Introduction All steering systems involve sending rudder command signals from the position where the vessel is navigated to the steering gear compartment where the machinery for controlling rudder movement is located. These rudder commands may be manually generated by a pilot/helmsman or electronicallyvia an automatic pilot. The method of steering the ship is…