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This article explains how and why moisture migration takes place and discusses to what extent surface ventilation can reduce or eliminate the damage to which moisture migration gives rise. The answer depends on the commodity; with grain in bulk, surface ventilation can do little or nothing; with rice or cocoa in bags, surface ventilation can…
Over the years, a considerable trade has developed in the bulk carriage of relatively small quantities of cereals, oil seeds and their derivatives. Frequently a number of such products may be shipped simultaneously onboard bulk carriers. It is not uncommon for three or more consignments to be stowed in the same hold using separation material…
Read More “The separation of products in the holds of bulk carriers
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It is widely accepted that during the transportation of bulk cargo, some loss will unavoidably occur but when the shortage exceeds a percentage regarded as customary in that trade the carrier is often held responsible. One of the causes of shortage claims is that it is virtually impossible to precisely determine the weight of large…
VESSEL INSURANCE COVERAGE Company vessels are covered by several types of marine insurance policies, including Hull and Machinery – which cover the loss of or damage to the vessels’ Hull and Machinery, and Protection and Indemnity (P&I) – which covers the Owner’s legal liability for loses or damages allegedly sustained by third parties. There is…
Receiving Cargo General Cargo The Owner or his Agent who have booked the cargo must check its condition at the time of carting. Such monitoring shall ensure that: It is suitably packed, Fit for sea-transportation, Not tampered with or damaged, Space allotted for its storage in the Port is suitable and The need for taking…
Introduction The present day P&I market provides third party liability cover to the ship owners worldwide on a non-profit making “mutual” basis as opposed to the commercial insurers who understandably provide insurance for all other risks to earn profit in order to pay dividends to their share holders. The structure of this non profit “mutual”…