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Flags of convenience came into existence in the late sixties. In the earlier stage, they were not welcome. Now they have not only come to stay but the established maritime nations also are now establishing such registration procedures. We shall learn why flag of convenience came into existence and their effect on shipping in general….
No job is complete before the paper work is done and this hold true for us seafarers also. There are various documents related to cargo which you must be aware of when loading, carrying and discharging cargoes. A few basic ones are mentioned below. Some of them are needed to evidence the loading I unloading…
Under Article 98 OF UNCLOS, Master has a legal duty to proceed with all possible speed to render assistance to any person in distress at sea nearby, without serious danger to his vessel, her crew and passengers. Under Regulation 10-1 of SOLAS 1974, master shall not be constrained by shipowner, charterer or any other person…
General Average (GA) “Extraordinary sacrifice made voluntarily and prudently, to save a common maritime adventure from imminent peril,” is GA sacrifice. This principle developed over centuries, meant that if few merchants sent a ship to sea for common gain, any sacrifice made or expanse incurred for good of all, was shared between them in proportion…
The Hague Rules of 1924 (formally the “International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, and Protocol of Signature”) is an international convention to impose minimum standards upon commercial carriers of goods by sea The Hague–Visby Rules is a set of international rules for the international carriage of goods by sea ….
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The master can deliver the cargo to the holder of a ‘bearer’ bill of lading . If a bill of lading shows a named consignee or named endorsee the person demanding delivery of the cargo must provide some evidence that it is the person identified in the bill of lading. As the bill of lading…
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Charter Party (C/P) : A C/P is defined as a contract between a ship-owner and charterers for the use of a ship or her cargo spaces, These are of three types : a) Voyage Charter party, b) Time Charter party, and c) Demise Charter party or Bare-boat Charter party. Voyage Charter party : 1. It…
General Principles (a) Freight No discussion on the subject of demurrage would be complete without a few words on the subject of freight. Freight is the return to the shipowner for undertaking the voyage requested by the voyage charterer. Freight can be contrasted with hire, which is the return paid to the shipowner by the time…
Bill of Lading : Functions of Bill of Lading : 1. Document of title – whoever holds the B/L is the Owner of goods, 2. Receipt for the cargo, signed by the master or by the owner’s port agents on behalf of carrier, with remarks as to the condition of the cargo, 3. Evidence of Contract i.e contract between two(2) parties,…
Everyone involved in the shipping and freight industry would have come across various clauses and stamps on a Bill of Lading.. There are specific reasons why Bill of Ladings have clauses typed or stamped on them .. Here we will discuss these clauses in relation to “containerized” shipments only.. Standard/Normal Clauses that appear on a…
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