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Principle of operation The measurement technique used in the Oil Discharge Monitoring & Control System is based on scattered light. The sample of discharge water passes through a detector cell while light enters and leaves the measurement area of the cell. The sample flow is at right angles to the optical path. When no particles or oil droplets…
Ballast water may be taken onboard by ships for stability and can contain thousands of aquatic or marine microbes, plants and animals, which are then carried across the globe. Untreated ballast water released at the ship’s destination could potentially introduce a new invasive marine species. Hundreds of such invasions have already taken place, sometimes with…
To examine Bills of Lading under International Conventions, first we should know mechanics of imports & exports, and how they affect Masters. B/L is usually an essential document required under the terms of a letter of credit. Both are negotiable instruments, and can be bought and sold. A Bank on behalf of a buyer establishes…
Dangerous goods – All substances of an inflammable nature which are liable to spontaneouscombustion either in themselves or when stowed next to other substances and, when mixed with air, are liable to generate explosive gases or produce suffocation or poisoning or tainting of foodstuffs. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code lists over 3000 hazardous…
York Antwerp Rules Definition The York Antwerp Rules are a set of model internal maritime rules concerning the rights and obligations of vessel and cargo owners when cargo aboard a vessel must be jettisoned (thrown overboard). The rules were created by an international committee in 1864. The rules are now promulgated by the Comite Maritime…
Let us now look at the methods by which the designers ensure the strength in spite of these stresses. Before we go further we would like you to see the following. ► A bulwark with its stay ► A booby hatch or a tank opening (hint: see from beneath the deck) ► A weathertight door on…
Let us start by looking at the Shipboard Organisation. As we can see that the development in the shipping industry has been slow and there has been a very strong influence of tradition. In the days of the sailing ships it was the Master and his crew, there were no engineers, simply because there was…
Modern ships vary considerably in details of their construction, according to their size and type, but almost all conform to basic systems of construction. They are all designed to cater to the intended use including: ■ Type of cargoes and / or passengers to be carried ■ Area of operation, ■ Framing systems, ■ Sub division…
We are taking about Hatch Covers Every cargo ship, other than tankers is provided with large size hatchways on deck to facilitate loading and discharging of cargoes. This causes loss of strength at the deck level, which has to be adequately compensated. Furthermore, the hatchways have to be suitably covered, before the ship can proceed…
Anchoring a Important Aspect of Shipboard Operation!!! After a long sea voyage a ship arrives in a port or near a port area and may have to anchor the ship. This may be because of customs, immigration and cargo formalities or due to non-availability of a berth. A ship may be required to anchor for…