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When in port the ship either anchors or moors to facilitate loading and discharging operations. Each of these operations requires skills and detailed knowledge of the capability of the ship and local conditions. A pilot may provide some of these but there are some ports where the master may be required to berth his ship…
Flags of convenience came into existence in the late sixties. In the earlier stage, they were not welcome. Now they have not only come to stay but the established maritime nations also are now establishing such registration procedures. We shall learn why flag of convenience came into existence and their effect on shipping in general….