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Wind pattern The wind direction and speed is determined by the position of the Highs and Lows. Wind flows outwards from the high and towards the low, in the northern hemisphere the direction of wind isanticlockwise around a low and clock wise around a high, similarly in the southern hemisphere the wind flowstowards the low…
Pressure patterns: Common for July and January Permanent High in North and South Atlantic (35˚N/S)Permanent High in the Indian ocean SE of Mozambique (35˚S)Permanent high in North and south pacific (35˚N) and 35˚S off Chilean coast.Permanent Low SW of Iceland close to the east coast of green land. July (Northern summer / Southern winter) Atlantic:…
North Atlantic: July: Northern Summer January: Northern Winter South Atlantic / S. Indian Ocean / South Pacific Ocean January (summer): Pack Ice: July (winter): The icebergs can be traced as follows:
Specific regulation RADIO REPORTING SYSTEM: MARITIME RADIO SERVICE: PILOTAGE SERVICES:
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ADOPTED AND NON-ADOPTED ROUTEING SCHEMES. ADOPTED SCHEMES: NON-ADOPTED SCHEMES: FIVE PRECISE OBJECTIVES OF THE IMO ROUTEING. STATE WHERE INFORMATION ON TSS CAN BE OBTAINED. Non-compliance with the TSS is considered a serious maritime offence, on summary conviction is liable to a fineof maximum £ 50,000/-
Passage through Magellan Straits (Points for consideration) • An alternative route between E and W coast of S. America.• There are extreme difficulties and dangers when both E and W bound.• The dangers are those associated with narrow channels and harbour accentuated by the prevalence of bad weather and generally foul and rocky character of…
Documentary credit system of transactionThis is a sort of money transfer system to enable sellers to obtain early payment soon after the delivery of the goods. A documentary credit—also called a letter of credit—is a conditional guarantee of payment in which an overseas bank takes responsibility for paying the seller after he has shipped the…
The master is expected to proceed from the load port to the discharge port without delay and without departure from the usual geographical route. If he fails to do so then this may amount to a deviation from the contractual voyage. Deviation Deviation in its legal sense is an unjustified departure from the contractual voyage….
Master must ensure that all statutory, class and trading certificates are kept valid at all times . Master to closely monitor and ensure that they are available and maintained valid at all times, as applicable. For electronic certificates, Master along with ship staff shall regularly (at least monthly) check the validity of the certificates by…
Free water. The measured volume of water in a tank not in suspension with the liquid in the tank at observed temperature. Expressed in cubic meter or/and barrels. Total Observed Volume (TOV). The total measured volume of all petroleum Iiquids,BS&W,and free water at observed temperature.Expressed in cubic meter orland barrels. Gross Observed Volume (GOV). The…