Knowledge Of Sea

🚫 Prohibition of PFOS in Fire-Fighting Foams: What You Need to Know

November 30, 2025November 30, 2025 admin No Comments

Fire-fighting foams have been essential for tackling high-intensity fires, especially petroleum and chemical fires. However, growing environmental and health concerns have pushed regulators worldwide to restrict or completely ban certain harmful chemicals used in these foams — the most notable being PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate). 🔍 What Is PFOS? PFOS is a synthetic fluorinated chemical belonging…

Rules and Regulation

STCW & STCW-F: What’s New for Seafarers? Mandatory Training on Preventing Violence, Harassment, Bullying & Assault at Sea

November 29, 2025November 29, 2025 admin No Comments

In May 2024, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted major amendments to the STCW Code and the STCW-F Convention—two cornerstone instruments governing training and certification for merchant ships and fishing vessels. These updates introduce crucial new standards aimed at building safer and more respectful workplaces at sea. The highlight of these revisions is the introduction…

Rules and Regulation

Step-by-Step Procedure for Cargo Weight Calculation

November 29, 2025November 29, 2025 admin No Comments

Introduction Crude oil tankers carry massive quantities of crude oil from production terminals to refineries worldwide. Accurate cargo calculations are essential for safety, stability, efficiency, and legal compliance. Inaccurate calculations can cause overloading, cargo losses, environmental hazards, and even compromise the ship’s stability. This guide covers step-by-step procedures and calculations used in modern tanker operations….

Tanker

Impact of Weather Conditions on Charter Performance Claims

November 29, 2025November 29, 2025 admin No Comments

Under a time charter trip from South Africa to China, Owners warranted the vessel’s performance in good weather conditions. The charterparty description of good weather was; “good weather conditions are understood to mean wind speeds of maximum beaufort force 4 (11-16 knots) and total- combined (sea and swell) significant wave height confined to limits of…

Merchant Shipping

Understanding Speed and Performance Claims in Time Charterparty Disputes

November 27, 2025November 29, 2025 admin No Comments

It is common for an element of speed and performance claims to be included in final hire disputes at the end of a time charterparty. Arbitration 9/18 raises a number of important legal and commercial issues to consider when raising or defending speed and consumption claims. The subject vessel was chartered on an amended NYPE form,…

Merchant Shipping

Hold Cleaning

November 27, 2025November 29, 2025 admin No Comments

Hold cleaning disputes are not infrequent and can result in the need for multiple surveys and significant delays and costs. This blog discusses some of the practical aspects of cleaning cargo holds, including the factors which will be relevant to the extent of cleaning required, and also how appropriate systems can be put into place to…

Ecdis Enc Correction

October 21, 2025October 21, 2025 admin No Comments

Updating ENC Data: ENCs are updated by weekly ‘Notices to Mariners’ issued by Hydrographic Offices / Regional ENC co-ordination centers ( RENC) and corrections are received on the vessel either by email or data file (AVCS DVD). The actual updating is either applied to the ECDIS chart database automatically or by the user. The ECDIS…

Bulk Carrier Choff Role During Cargo Ops

October 20, 2025October 20, 2025 admin No Comments

Draught survey: Before the start of loading the chief mate will normally undertake a draught survey. If an independent surveyor has been appointed the chief mate will accompany him on his survey, agree soundings and draught readings with him and then complete a separate set of calculations before comparing the final results with the surveyor….

Bulk Carrier

Charterparty Incorporated

October 17, 2025October 17, 2025 admin No Comments

Which charterparty is being incorporated into a bill of lading • It is important to identify exactly which charterparty the bill of lading has incorporated, as some of the terms of the charterparty will apply to the bill of lading.• A charterparty is incorporated into a bill of lading by way of reference in the…

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Merchant Shipping

Free Water

October 17, 2025October 17, 2025 admin No Comments

How does water get into crude oil cargo tanks? Extraction The starting point when considering sources and mechanisms for the ingress of water is the origin of the oil and the production or extraction process. Oil is produced using different methods, with these methods varying depending on the geology of the region being exploited. In…