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Rudder Cycling works on the principle of diverting the fore and aft thrust sideways but not really taking the vessel sideways. Alternately, the similar manoeuvre is done on other side. Rudder Cycling is found extremely effective in reducing the vessel’s speed in a given period and takes the vessel through minimum distance in original direction….
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (“COGSA”) defines the basic relationship—duties, liabilities, rights, and immunities—between ocean carrier and cargo owner. COGSA was passed in the United States in 1936 and its enactment was the result of various concerns by Congress. In the early nineteenth century, carriers were strictly liable for cargo damage, with only…
A ship’s attained EEXI indicates its energy efficiency compared to a baseline. Ships attained EEXI will then be compared to a required Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index based on an applicable reduction factor expressed as a percentage relative to the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) baseline. It must be calculated for ships of 400 gt…
Deterministic Damage Stability This is a traditional method of assessment of the stability of a ship when it is flooded. In this process, the ship is divided into several subdivisions along its length with the help of transverse watertight bulkheads. Now the stability of the ship is calculated when one or more compartments get flooded…
In general, during ice ship navigation, an ice pilot and ice breakers are provided to help commercial vessel operations by safely leading the vessels through the ice but there are a few other measures to be followed by the vessel’s crew during ice ship navigation. The ship should avoid any alternate available route at all…
Source of GMDSS equipment power from following :- GeneratorEmergency generatoremergency battery The GMDSS battery is usually in the range of 200 Ah which is required to give 24V. Testing and Checking of GMDSS Batteries Required by SOLAS GMDSS batteries constitute an important tool which provides power supply for GMDSS equipment operation in case of emergency….
Contents of the Plan The ISM Code, supported by the IMO Resolution MSC.428(98), requires ship owners and managers to assess cyber risk and implement relevant measures across all functions of their safety management system, until the first Document of Compliance after 1 January 2021. In combination with the resolution, the IMO also released Guidelines on…
A cold front normally occurs when a huge mass of cold and chilly air meets a mass of warm air, and the chilly air starts advancing on the warm air. As soon as the cold front passes, the weather temperature starts becoming cooler and can drop by 4 degrees Celsius or even more. It can…
Checks to be made before singing bills of lading Description & Condition of Cargo The Master must satisfy himself that the description of the cargo contained in the B/L is accurate, and complies with the description of that given in the charterparty or voyage orders. He should also ensure that, if any part of the…
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SOLAS regulation V/34. 1 makes it illegal for a person to compromise the master’s discretion in decision-making. It provides as follows: “The owner, the charterer, the company operating the ship as defined in regulation IX/1, or any other person shall not prevent or restrict the master of the ship from taking or executing any decision…