Ship Shore Interface (Cargo operations-Tankers)
SUPERVISION AND CONTROL Within the tanker trade, the ship/shore interface plays a vital part in operations. It is an area…
The Flammability Diagram
a) Petroleum is highly flammable (fuel) b) Sources of ignition may be present at various locations. (Ignition) c) Oxygen…
Oil Spill On Deck (Tankers)
Small spills can occur during routine transfer operations on the ship, i.e. during loading, discharging, ballasting, bunkering etc. If an…
Refrigerated Containers
A large variety of cargoes carried in containers today – everything from ice cream to New Zealand lamb, from avocados…
FSO (FLOATING STORAGE AND OFF-TAKE) TANKER
These are oil tankers specially meant for storage of oil offshore. Hence, they are converted sailing oil tankers. Conversions are…
CHEMICAL TANKER CARGO OPERATIONS & ASSOCIATED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Chemical tankers are among the most complex ships ever constructed. The cargoes they carry often, present tremendous challenges and difficulties…
CONTAINER SIZE, DIMENSIONS, MARKING AND TYPES
Containers of various sizes are used in the industry and we shall now understand how they are utilised for cargoes…
CHEMICAL CARGO CARRIAGE AND RELATED REGULATIONS
Many of the changes in everyday life that have taken place during the last fifty years have resulted from developments…
QUICK-CLOSING VALVES EMERGENCY STOPS AND FIRE DAMPERS
Introduction To ensure a fast and effective ability to respond to a fire situation the ship is provided with means…
Gas Freeing
Cargo oil tanks must be water washed, purged and gas freed prior to inspection. Cargo oil tanks must NEVER be…