We will keep you updated
Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC) The LLMC Convention was adopted in 1976 and entered into force in 1986. The 1996 Protocol entered into force in 2004. The Convention provides for a virtually unbreakable system of limiting liability. In the LLMC Convention, limits are specified for two types of claims – Other…
Read More “LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR MARITIMECLAIMS (LLMC) CONVENTION” »
On March 24, 1989, the ‘Exxon Valdez’ spilled over 11 million gallons of Alaskan crude oil in the water of Prince William Sound. The two most important lessons learned in the aftermath of the spill were:- a) The United States lacked adequate resources, particularly Federal funds, to respond to spills.b) The scope of damages compensable…
Duties, Role and Responsibilities of Flag State: PORT STATE CONTROL: Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of the International regulations and that the ship is properlymanned and operated in compliance with these rules….
A Classification Society is an independent, non-commercial, non- governmental and self-regulating body that establishes and maintains technical standards for the construction and operation of ships and offshorestructures. Classification societies validate and report that construction of a vessel is in accordance with relevant standards and carry out regular surveys in service to ensure continuing compliance with…
The International Health Regulations (2005) are a legally binding instrument of International law that aim to: a) assist countries to work together to save lives and livelihoods endangered by the international spread of diseases & other health risksb) avoid unnecessary interference with international trade and travel. The purpose and scope of IHR 2005 are to…
HARMONISED SYSTEM OF SURVEYS & CERTIFICATION (HSSC): The HSSC came into force in the year 2000. Previously, the ship’s statutory certificates were all issued on different dates which corresponded with the date of completion of each individual initial survey. Also, they had different periods of validity. When their annual surveys and other surveys became due,…
The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) convention, number 186, established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law. The other pillars are the SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL. It embodies “all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be…
Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (FAL) This Convention was adopted in 1965 and entered into force in 1967. The Convention’s main objectives are – In particular, the Convention reduces the number of declarations which are required by public authorities. Most regulations are essential – but sometimes they prove to be not only unnecessary…
International Convention on Load Lines It was adopted in 1966 and entered into force in 1968. It has long been recognized that limitations on the draught to which a ship may be loaded make a significant contribution to her safety. The main objective of the Convention is to set these limits in the form of…
International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships It was adopted in 1969 and entered into force in 1982. The Convention, adopted by IMO in 1969, was the first successful attempt to introduce a universal tonnage measurement system. Previously, various systems were used to calculate the tonnage of merchant ships. There were considerable differences between them…